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Therefore, in this study, we aim to further identify whether MSCs can attenuate renal fibrosis by decreasing tubulointerstitial injury in a unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model. In this study, we cultured MSCs and then transplanted them into a UUO model through the tail vein. Histology, cell proliferation, peritubular capillary (PTC) loss and myofibroblast markers were examined on days 3, 7 and 14 after surgery. We demonstrated that renal interstitial fibrosis in the MSC group was significantly attenuated compared with the UUO and DMEM groups. Moreover, MSC treatment inhibited the loss of PTCs and increased parenchymal cell proliferation. In addition, UUO\u2010induced activation and proliferation of myofibroblasts were suppressed by MSC infusion. Furthermore, MSCs attenuated tubulointerstitial infiltration of macrophages in UUO mice. Tubulointerstitial damage plays a very important role in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). PTC loss, macrophage recruitment, and myofibroblast activation are directly correlated with the development of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Our results suggest that MSC infusion in the UUO model is a promising therapeutic strategy for promoting kidney repair.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,7]],"date-time":"2018-12-07T13:51:10Z","timestamp":1544190670000},"page":"9737-9746","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Bone marrow\u2013derived mesenchymal stem cells attenuate tubulointerstitial injury through multiple mechanisms in UUO model"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Li","family":"Xing","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Erlin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Urinary Surgery First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cheng Yuan","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of cadre First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Xi Bei","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Man Shu","family":"Sui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Nephrology First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin Heilongjiang 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