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Extensive studies have focused on the contribution of obesity (excessive mechanical stress), comorbidity frequently found in T2DM, to cartilage destruction during OA development. However, a little is known about how diabetes\u2010related inflammation may affect the local cartilage in a diabetic objective. In the present study, we were able to establish a T2DM rat model using a combination of a low dose of streptozotocin with high\u2010fat and high\u2010sugar diet. Although the cartilage integrity was comparable between the control and T2DM groups, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases\u201013 (MMP\u201013) was significantly upregulated in T2DM, indicating the initiation of an early cascade of cartilage degeneration. In parallel, an obvious alteration of subchondral bone remodeling (inhibition of bone formation) was observed, as evidenced by the reduction of osterix\u2010expressing positive cells. Moreover, we demonstrated that the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule\u20101 (ICAM\u20101) in the serum and synovium of T2DM rats was elevated, accompanied by an increase of synovitis score. We also noticed that the number of F4\/80\u2010positive macrophage cells was significantly increased in the T2DM group. Mechanistically, the expression of ICAM\u20101 in fibroblast\u2010like synoviocytes can be triggered by glucose and interleukin\u20101\u03b2, which are the two important factors within the joint of T2DM. Given that MMP\u201013 expression was significantly upregulated in the T2DM cartilage, and that ICAM\u20101\u2010mediated filtration of macrophage was associated with synovitis, we propose that ICAM\u20101 is essential for triggering a vicious cycle of inflammation within the joint, which\u00a0together subsequently drivers the cartilage degradation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.28592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,20]],"date-time":"2019-03-20T00:54:24Z","timestamp":1553043264000},"page":"13177-13186","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"title":["Elevated expression of ICAM\u20101 in synovium is associated with early inflammatory response for cartilage degeneration in type 2 diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Tao","family":"Gui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, Institute of Orthopedic Diseases, The 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