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It is divided into solitary osteochondroma and hereditary multiple exostoses (HMEs). The exostosin\u20101 (\n                    <jats:italic>EXT\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) and exostosin\u20102 (\n                    <jats:italic>EXT\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) gene mutations are well\u2010defined molecular mechanisms in the pathogenesis of HME.\n                    <jats:italic>EXT\u20101<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>EXT\u20102<\/jats:italic>\n                    encode glycosyltransferases that are necessary for the synthesis of heparin sulfate. Accumulating evidence suggests that mutations in the\n                    <jats:italic>EXT<\/jats:italic>\n                    family induce changes in isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism\u2010parathyroid hormone\u2010related protein, bone morphogenetic protein, and fibroblast growth factor signaling pathways. Studies have also found that a large number of microRNAs (miRNAs) are abnormally expressed in osteochondroma tissues, and some of them also participate in several major signaling pathways. The regulation of miRNA expression could be another breakthrough in the treatment of osteochondroma. Although the pathogenesis of osteochondroma is very complicated, significant progress has been made in recent years. It is hoped that the pathogenesis of osteochondroma will be clearly understood and the most effective methods for the prevention and treatment of osteochondroma will be determined. This review provides an update on the recent progress in the interpretation of the underlying molecular mechanisms of osteochondroma.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.29155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,18]],"date-time":"2019-06-18T09:04:51Z","timestamp":1560848691000},"page":"16362-16369","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Insights into the molecular regulatory network of pathomechanisms in osteochondroma"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Congyi","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences Nanchang University  Nanchang Jiangxi China"},{"name":"Queen Mary School Nanchang University  Nanchang Jiangxi China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruiqian","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Basic Medical Sciences Nanchang 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