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In this study, the protective molecular mechanism of DEX in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)\u2010induced acute kidney injury was investigated and its potential pharmacological targets from the perspective of inhibiting oxidative stress damage and the nucleotide\u2010binding domain\u2010like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation. Intraperitoneal injection of DEX (30\u2009\u03bcg\/kg) significantly improved LPS (10\u2009mg\/kg) induced renal pathological damage and renal dysfunction. DEX also ameliorated oxidative stress damage by reducing the contents of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and hydrogen peroxide, and increasing the level of glutathione, as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase. In addition, DEX prevented nuclear factor\u2010kappa B (NF\u2010\u03baB) activation and I\u2010kappa B (I\u03baB) phosphorylation, as well as the expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome\u2010associated protein and downstream IL\u201018 and IL\u20101\u03b2. The messengerRNA (mRNA) and protein expressions of toll\u2010like receptor 4 (TLR4), NADPH oxidase\u20104 (NOX4), NF\u2010\u03baB, and NLRP3 were also significantly reduced by DEX. Their expressions were further evaluated by immunohistochemistry, yielding results were consistent with the results of mRNA and protein detection. Interestingly, the protective effects of DEX were reversed by atipamezole\u2010an alpha 2 adrenal receptor (\u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    AR) inhibitor, whereas idazoxan\u2010an imidazoline receptor (IR) inhibitor failed to reverse this change. In conclusion, DEX attenuated LPS\u2010induced AKI by inhibiting oxidative stress damage and NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4\/NOX4\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway, mainly acting on the \u03b1\n                    <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                    AR rather than IR.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.29173","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,27]],"date-time":"2019-06-27T02:16:13Z","timestamp":1561601773000},"page":"18509-18523","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Dexmedetomidine alleviates lipopolysaccharide\u2010induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome activation via regulating the TLR4\/NOX4\/NF\u2010\u03baB pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Yujie","family":"Yao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Veterinary Medicine Northeast Agricultural University  Harbin 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