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The primary mechanism through which\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    exerts its bacterial virulence is the cytotoxin CagA. This cytotoxin has the potential to induce inter\u2010epithelial mesenchymal transition, proliferation, metastasis, and the acquisition of stem cell\u2010like properties in gastric cancer (GC) cells infected with CagA\u2010positive\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    . Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a distinct population of cells capable of self\u2010renewal and generating heterogeneous tumor cells. Despite evidence showing that CagA can induce CSCs\u2010like characteristics in GC cells, the precise mechanism through which CagA triggers the development of GC stem cells (GCSCs) remains uncertain. This study reveals that CagA\u2010positive GC cells infected with\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    exhibit CSCs\u2010like properties, such as heightened expression of CD44, a specific surface marker for CSCs, and increased ability to form tumor spheroids. Furthermore, we have observed that\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    activates the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in a CagA\u2010dependent manner, and our findings suggest that this activation is associated with the CSCs\u2010like characteristics induced by\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    . The cytotoxin CagA, which is released during\n                    <jats:italic>H. pylori<\/jats:italic>\n                    infection, triggers the activation of the PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway in a CagA\u2010dependent manner. Additionally, CagA inhibits the transcription of FOXO3a and relocates it from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by activating the PI3K\/Akt pathway. Furthermore, the regulatory function of the Akt\/FOXO3a axis in the transformation of GC cells into a stemness state was successfully demonstrated.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.30527","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,9]],"date-time":"2024-02-09T01:20:31Z","timestamp":1707441631000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["<i>Helicobacter pylori<\/i>\n                    CagA protein induces gastric cancer stem cell\u2010like properties through the Akt\/FOXO3a axis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-6995-0022","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zheng\u2010wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of General Surgery The Affiliated Lihuili Hospital Ningbo University Ningbo 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