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EV\u2010A71 infection usually causes hand, foot, and mouth disease and can even affect the central nervous system, causing neurological complications or death. The 5\u2032\u2010untranslated region (5\u2032\u2010UTR) of EV\u2010A71 contains an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) that is responsible for the translation of viral proteins. IRES\u2010transacting factors can interact with the EV\u2010A71 5\u2032\u2010UTR to regulate IRES activity. Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) A3 is a member of the hnRNP A\/B protein family of RNA\u2010binding proteins and is involved in RNA transport and modification. We found that hnRNP A3 knockdown promoted the replication of EV\u2010A71 in neural calls. Conversely, increasing the expression of hnRNP A3 within cells inhibits the growth of EV\u2010A71. HnRNP A3 can bind to the EV\u2010A71 5\u2032\u2010UTR, and knockdown of hnRNP A3 enhances the luciferase activity of the EV\u2010A71 5\u2032\u2010UTR IRES. The localization of hnRNP A3 shifts from the nucleus to the cytoplasm of infected cells during viral infection. Additionally, EV\u2010A71 infection can increase the protein expression of hnRNP A3, and the protein level is correlated with efficient viral growth. Based on these findings, we concluded that hnRNP A3 plays a negative regulatory role in EV\u2010A71 replication within neural cells.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.30575","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,9]],"date-time":"2024-05-09T07:03:40Z","timestamp":1715238220000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A3 binds to the internal ribosomal entry site of enterovirus A71 and affects virus replication in neural cells"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Jhao\u2010Yin","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science College of Medicine Chang Gung University Tao\u2010Yuan Taiwan"},{"name":"Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine Chang Gung University Tao\u2010Yuan 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