{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,16]],"date-time":"2026-01-16T19:04:58Z","timestamp":1768590298863,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,8]],"date-time":"2005-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134000000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":6185,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Autoimmune disease is generally felt to result from the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. In recent years, significant advances have been made in using recombinant DNA methods to analyze specific genetic factors and infectious agents. However, new techniques are needed that are more rapid, inexpensive, and suitable for small tissue biopsies obtained early in the course of disease. New methods of DNA amplificaiton based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Q\u03b2\u2010replicase (Q\u03b2R) have recently been reported. These methods are briefly reviewed, and their potntial applications to patients with autoimmune disease are presented. Several types of applications can be considered, including detection of: a) specific HLA\u2010D alleles in order to predict prognosis and better utilize existing medications; b) bacterial, fungal, and spirochete infections in joint aspirates or synovial biopsies; c) human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other viruses (e.g., EBV, CMV) that may be associated with immune dysregulation in certain patients; and d) neoplastic transformation in blood or tissues by determining monoclonal gene rearrangements, karyotypic alterations or oncogene activation.<\/jats:p><jats:p>It is likely that routine clinical laboratories will soon begin implementing DNA amplification methods in order to screen blood products for infectious agents (especially HIV and hepatitis B virus). Because these techniques will be readily available, rheumatologists\/clinical immunologists should begin developing strategies that will allow them to use these methods in a cost\u2010effective manner for diagnosis and monitoring treatment.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.1860030611","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T19:49:31Z","timestamp":1173124171000},"page":"378-387","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Use of dna amplification methods for clinical diagnosis in autoimmune diseases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"3","author":[{"given":"Robert I.","family":"Fox","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Iris","family":"Dotan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hong Ming","family":"Fei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Compton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Merlin","family":"Hamer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ichiro","family":"Saito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.1.312"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/332543a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","first-page":"162","article-title":"Polymerase chain reaction","volume":"6","author":"Oste C","year":"1988","journal-title":"Biotechniques"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(88)90639-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3336784"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.18.6977"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.13.4869"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V71.4.1027.1027","article-title":"HTLV\u20101\u2010induced lymphoma mimicking Hodgkin's disease. Diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction amplification of specific HTLV\u20101 sequences in tumor DNA","volume":"71","author":"Duggan DB","year":"1988","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0076-6879(87)55023-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2448875"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/310207a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.44.1.286-294.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","unstructured":"SaitoI ServeniusB ComptonR FoxR; Detection of Epstein Barr virus DNA in salivary gland biosies from patients with Sjogren's syndrome.J Exp Med1989(in press)."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-0934(88)90065-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1088-1197"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","unstructured":"KohneDE: Applications of DNA probe tests to the diagnosis of infectious disease.Am Clin Prod Rev20\u201329 1986."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","unstructured":"RosenIG: The use of DNA probes for the diagnosis of infectious disease. Pharm Tech September:1987."},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","first-page":"151","article-title":"DNA probes: An overview and comparison with current methods","volume":"31","author":"Enns RK","year":"1988","journal-title":"Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/16.19.9346"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198603203141205"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_2","first-page":"111","article-title":"Pathogenesis of herpes simplex labialis: excretion of virus in the oral cavity","volume":"101","author":"Spruance SL","year":"1975","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197908023010501"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/146.5.707"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/324163a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.62.5.1832-1835.1988","article-title":"RNA complementary to herpes simplex virus type 1 ICPO gene demonstrated in neurons of human trigeminal ganglia","volume":"62","author":"Gordon YJ","year":"1988","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.3041594"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.83.8.2642"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780301102"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.16.6012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.10.3504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780270106"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjcla.1860030611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcla.1860030611","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,21]],"date-time":"2023-10-21T17:04:46Z","timestamp":1697907886000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcla.1860030611"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]},"references-count":31,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcla.1860030611"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.1860030611","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-8013","1098-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-8013","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1989,1]]}}}