{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T13:02:09Z","timestamp":1761742929219},"reference-count":12,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3995,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Both high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis\u2010immunoblotting (PAGE\u2010immunoblotting) procedures have been established for the study of isoforms of free prostate\u2010specific antigen (PSA) and the complex formation between free PSA and protease inhibitors, and for the evaluation of the specificities of various anti\u2010PSA antibodies. We found multiple isoforms of free PSA on PAGE, which were all capable of forming complexes with protease inhibitors. The same isoform pattern can be produced from the original seminal fluid. The PSA isoforms differ from each other most likely in charge because they could be converted to one band on SDS\u2010PAGE and to a single peak by gel filtration chromatography. We found it difficult to form large quantities of PSA complex when mixing free PSA from seminal fluid with protease inhibitors, regardless of whether the free PSA or the protease inhibitors were in excess. Except for the PSA\u2010ACT complex, which was consistently detectable by both HPLC and PAGE\u2010immunoblotting techniques after incubation, these two procedures disagreed in their detection of PSA\u2010A2M and PSA\u2010AT complexes. The PSA\u2010A2M complex was usually observable by immunoblotting techniques but barely detectable on HPLC, whereas PSA\u2010AT was totally invisible by immunoblotting but appeared as a peak in the HPLC elution profile. Mixing free PSA with serum clearly resulted in both PSA\u2010ACT and PSA\u2010A2M complexes. However, more PSA\u2010ACT than PSA\u2010A2M was formed; the result was also confirmed by using <jats:sup>125<\/jats:sup>I\u2010PSA for mixing. PSA could be separated into active and inactive PSA by DEAE Sepharose chromatography with a 14\u2010fold difference in protease activity. The difference in enzymatic activity apparently had no effect on complex formation. All the anti\u2010PSA antibodies examined in this study reacted with PSA isoforms, PSA\u2010ACT and PSA\u2010A2M complexes. We conclude that it would be almost impossible to establish an assay to measure all forms of PSA in the serum and to expect to produce precise and accurate PSA values.\u00a91995 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.1860090102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:05:27Z","timestamp":1173132327000},"page":"1-14","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Evaluation of free psa isoforms, psa complex formation, and specificity of anti\u2010psa antibodies by hplc and page\u2010immunoblotting techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"James T.","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tian","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorraine","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Astill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.1860080110"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-291X(84)90256-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1432-1033.1990.tb19466.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI112185"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19920701)70:1 <230::AID-CNCR2820701310>3.0.CO;2-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","first-page":"222","article-title":"A complex between prostate\u2010specific antigen in serum and \u03b11\u2010antichymotrypsin is the major form of prostate\u2010specific antigen in serum of patients with prostatic cancer: Assay of the complex improves clinical sensitivity for cancer","volume":"51","author":"Stenman UH","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)35408-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)39790-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/37.9.1618","article-title":"Prostate\u2010specific antigen in serum occurs predominantly in complex with \u03b11\u2010Antichymotrypsin","volume":"37","author":"Lilja H","year":"1991","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(87)90406-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.1860070104"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjcla.1860090102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcla.1860090102","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T02:29:58Z","timestamp":1698373798000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcla.1860090102"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"references-count":12,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcla.1860090102"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.1860090102","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-8013","1098-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-8013","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]}}}