{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T08:46:03Z","timestamp":1698396363822},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]],"date-time":"2005-12-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1134086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3995,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[1995,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>From two human populations (one pediatric and one adult), clinically diagnosed with <jats:italic>Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis)<\/jats:italic> sepsis of similar severity, bacteria were isolated from pre\u2010antibiotic blood samples and evaluated for virulence. The LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> of the bacteria in a mouse model was performed, with evaluation of animals dying acutely following intravenous <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic> administration. More simple assays of virulence were also performed, including bacterial adherence to a fibrin clot and carbohydrate specific lectin binding. The eight pediatric\u2010host <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic> isolates required a significantly larger dose to produce lethality in dosed animals (LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub>) when compared to the 20 adult\u2010host <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic> isolates. The fibrin clot assay, a test that has corroborated bacterial virulence in endocarditis models, did not differentiate the groups: all but one of the 28 isolates were well above the adherence seen with the ATCC control, suggesting endocarditis\u2010producing potential. Glycocalyx (slime) from eight of the more virulent isolates showed reactivity with a glucose\u2010specific biotinylated lectin which was lacking in other isolates. Necropsy of mice dying at 12 hr showed <jats:italic>S. epidermidis<\/jats:italic> strain differences in specific organ effects.<\/jats:p><jats:p>Overall, this study demonstrates the utility of the LD<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> to provide a highly sensitive quantification of bacterial virulence. Necropsy of test animals dying acutely has showed an apparent organ tropism of some of these isolates which are usually considered harmless commensals.\u00a91995 wiley\u2010Liss, inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.1860090202","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,3,5]],"date-time":"2007-03-05T22:04:23Z","timestamp":1173132263000},"page":"81-88","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Contribution of the host to test results in assays of staphylococcus epidermidis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Betty","family":"Herndon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence","family":"Dall","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Padma","family":"Suvarna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,12,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.6.2.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-198706110-00005"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2,442","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.28.11.2442-2447.1990","article-title":"Adherence measured by microtiter assay as a virulence marker for Staphylococcus epidermidis infections","volume":"28","author":"Deighton MA","year":"1990","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1139\/m90-080"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/161.6.1153"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0176-6724(84)80043-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1991.0130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90061-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02035133"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/159.6.1126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","first-page":"138","article-title":"Production of tumor necrosis factor\u2010alpha and interleukin\u20106 in mice infected with group B streptococci","volume":"38","author":"Teti G","year":"1992","journal-title":"Circulat Shock"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","unstructured":"SmithR HerndonB DallL:In vitro characteristics that predict virulence of Staphylococcus epidermidis. 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