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A total of 52 cases of acute aseptic meningitis that occurred from March 2003 to April 2005 were investigated for EVs using viral culture and\/or molecular methods directly in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). EVs were detected in 21 out of 52 (40.4%) patients using reverse transcription\u2010PCR (RT\u2010PCR) and\/or tissue culture. EVs were isolated from six out of 37 (16.2%) cultured specimens, while 20 out of 52 (38.4%) specimens yielded positive results when 5\u2032non\u2010coding region (5\u2032NCR) RT\u2010PCR assay was used. One specimen that was culture\u2010positive was RT\u2010PCR\u2010negative. Using the VP1\u20102A RT\u2010PCR and sequence analysis, 14 of the 21 positive EVs were identified as: four strains of Coxsackie virus B5, five echovirus 11, two echovirus 9, one echovirus 5, one echovirus 14, and one Coxsackie virus A9. Fever, headache, vomiting, and stiff neck were the most pronounced symptoms. Pleocytosis with the predominance of lymphocytes and mild elevated protein levels characterized the CSF specimens. Coxsackie virus B5 and echovirus 11 were the predominant serotypes during the study period. Although there was seasonal enteroviral activity (April\u2013November), cases also occurred in the cold months. The 5\u2032NCR and VP1\u20102A RT\u2010PCR with sequence analysis were found to be superior to conventional methods for direct diagnosis and the typing of EVs. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 20:177\u2013183, 2006. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,8]],"date-time":"2006-09-08T01:22:26Z","timestamp":1157678546000},"page":"177-183","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Enterovirus meningitis in Greece from 2003\u20132005: diagnosis, CSF laboratory findings, and clinical manifestations"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"20","author":[{"given":"Kamal","family":"Dumaidi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Filanthi","family":"Frantzidou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anna","family":"Papa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eudoxia","family":"Diza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonis","family":"Antoniadis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","first-page":"657","volume-title":"Virus taxonomy: seventh report of the international committee on taxonomy of viruses, Wickner RB","author":"King AMO","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","first-page":"655","volume-title":"Virology","author":"Melnik JL","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/20.4.971"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268897007656"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0163-4453(95)80030-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376915"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/9781555818326.ch13"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.2191"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30368-8","article-title":"The acute aseptic meningitis syndrome","volume":"4","author":"Connolly KJ","year":"1990","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.2.1.1"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.11.1.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/1999-123-1161-RTPCRD"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.5.1288-1293.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/vir.0.18647-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.10412"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006454-200212000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"6","article-title":"Case definitions for public health surveillance","volume":"39","author":"Centers for Disease and Control and Prevention","year":"1990","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_2","unstructured":"World Health Organization. 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