{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,29]],"date-time":"2025-12-29T11:06:07Z","timestamp":1767006367290},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,17]],"date-time":"2008-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1205712000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":76,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study examined 328 CFS sera in a study with 17 CCFP, 8 Gulf War Veterans (GWV), 24 Prostate Cancer (PC), and 52 normal sera in the modified Membrane Immunobead Assay (MIA) procedure for CTX. Three hundred and twenty\u2010eight CFS patients' sera were examined by the modified MIA with purified MAb\u2010CTX and 91.2% gave a titre \u22651:40. 76% of the 17 CCFP sera samples and 100% of the 8 GWV sera samples also had a titre \u22651:40. 92.3% of 52 normal sera showed titres of 1:20 or less, while 4 gave titres of \u22651:40. In addition, 41 sera were examined for Anti\u2010Cardiolipin (aCL) by a commercial ELISA procedure with 87.8% demonstrating IgM, IgM+IgA, or IgM+IgG aCL antibodies. These results showed mostly the IgM aCL antibody alone in the sera samples. In addition, 41 serum samples were examined for aCL, with 37 showing positive for aCL, representing 90.2% positive for the three disease categories examined: CFS, CCFP and GWV. Examination for antiMitochondrial\u2010M2 autoantibody (aM\u2010M2) in 28 patients (CFS (18), CCFP (5), and GWV (5)) was negative for aM\u2010M2. Inhibition analysis with antigens, CTX, CFS \u201cAcute Phase Lipids\u201d, commercial Cardiolipin (CL) and 1,2\u2010Dipalmitoyl\u2010sn\u2010Glycero\u20103\u2010[Phospho\u2010L\u2010Serine] (PS) and antibodies, MAb\u2010CTX and aCL from patients' serum show that the phospholipids in CL and CTX are antigenically indistinguishable with antibodies MAb\u2010CTX and CFS\u2010aCL. Preliminary chemical analyses have shown the lipids to be phospholipids associated with CL of the mitochondria. We designate this \u201cAcute Phase Lipid\u201d comparable to \u201cAcute Phase Proteins\u201d (C\u2010reactive protein (CRP) and Serum Amyloid A (SAA)) in inflammatory conditions. J. Clin. Lab. Anal. 22:99\u2013105, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.20217","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,18]],"date-time":"2008-03-18T03:46:50Z","timestamp":1205812010000},"page":"99-105","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":35,"title":["Acute phase phospholipids related to the cardiolipin of mitochondria in the sera of patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), chronic ciguatera fish poisoning (CCFP), and other diseases attributed to chemicals, Gulf War, and marine toxins"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"22","author":[{"given":"Yoshitsugi","family":"Hokama","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cara","family":"Empey\u2010Campora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cynthia","family":"Hara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicole","family":"Higa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Siu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachael","family":"Lau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tina","family":"Kuribayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenichi","family":"Yabusaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1093\/jaoac\/81.4.727","article-title":"A simple membrane immunobead assay (MIA) for detection of ciguatoxin and related polyethers from human ciguatera intoxication and natural reef fishes","volume":"81","author":"Hokama Y","year":"1998","journal-title":"J AOAC Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1081\/TXR-100105733"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J092v07n04_03"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.70.1.4"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_2","first-page":"25","article-title":"Clinical aspects of Ciguatera (fish poisoning) in French Polynesia","volume":"28","author":"Bagnis R","year":"1968","journal-title":"Hawaii Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/jo00083a008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/sarh.2002.28303"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_2","first-page":"492","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies in leprotic patients: a correlation with disease manifestations","volume":"18","author":"Elbeialy A","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Exp Rheumatol"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.1780400115"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-145-1-177"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/art.10130"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaut.2005.01.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00001721-199112000-00012"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-2825(1999)13:2<59::AID-JCLA3>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/ard.2003.014175"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_2","first-page":"S611","article-title":"Antiphospholipid antibodies associated with severe malaria infection [Abstract]","volume":"11","author":"Ehrenfeld M","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lupus"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_2","first-page":"1","article-title":"Parainfluenza virus\u20105: a new paradigm and a serious host challenge. 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