{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T16:04:22Z","timestamp":1790870662295,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]],"date-time":"2020-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Spontaneous abortion occurs in 15%\u00a0~\u00a025% of clinical pregnancy. \u03b2\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin (\u03b2\u2010HCG) and progesterone (P) have been widely used in early pregnancy assessment, but their clinical significances are still controversial. Estradiol (E2) has not been used as widely as \u03b2\u2010HCG and P, and its value in predicting pregnancy outcome is unclear.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this retrospective study, two hundred early pregnancy women were divided into two groups according to their early pregnancy outcomes: the ongoing pregnancy group and inevitable abortion group. Serum E2 and \u03b2\u2010HCG levels and their growth rates were compared weekly.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Estradiol and \u03b2\u2010HCG of the ongoing pregnancy group were significantly higher than that of the inevitable abortion group from the 5th to 10th week of pregnancy. Taking 489.5\u00a0pg\/mL in the 5th and 6th week, 590.5\u00a0pg\/mL in the 7th week, and 614.5\u00a0pg\/mL in the 8th week as cutoff levels of E2, the sensitivity and specificity for E2 to predict bad pregnancy outcome were 91.7% and 41.5%, 82.9% and 71.1%, 84.8% and 84.7%, 75.0% and 95.7%, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). Both E2 and \u03b2\u2010HCG increased much more rapidly in the ongoing pregnancy group. 80% of the normal pregnancy women showed continuously increasing E2 level. Meanwhile, the inevitable abortion group presented E2 variation types as slow increase or fluctuation, continuous decline, and sudden drop, which account for 54.0%, 34.0%, and 12.0%, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Low values and low growth rates of E2 and \u03b2\u2010HCG probably indicate bad pregnancy outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23559","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]],"date-time":"2020-09-06T10:20:50Z","timestamp":1599387650000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Significance of dynamically monitoring serum estrogen and \u03b2\u2010human chorionic gonadotropin in early pregnancy assessment"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2403-8807","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Ningbo First Hospital Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiaou","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Ningbo First Hospital Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kemei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Ningbo First Hospital Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ensheng","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Ningbo First Hospital Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Reproductive Medicine Center Ningbo First Hospital Ningbo China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_5_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(90)92159-F"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2012.06.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1472-6483(10)60367-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_5_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/det342"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_5_6_1","first-page":"506","article-title":"Correlation of serum CA\u2010125 and progesterone levels with ultrasound markers in the prediction of pregnancy outcome in threatened miscarriage","volume":"9","author":"Al Mohamady M","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Fertil 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