{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:48:09Z","timestamp":1789177689648,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,12]],"date-time":"2020-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1599868800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species are known to cause serious fungal infections that produce cutaneous, mucosal, and systemic infections. Nowadays, mortality and morbidity candidiasis in immunocompromised patients have increased. Nanotechnology is a new world\u2010known technology and includes particles ranging from about 1 to 100 nanometers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antifungal and cytotoxicity activities of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2\u2010NPs) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO\u2010NPs) compared to amphotericin B (AmB) on different <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp in in vitro conditions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the present study, susceptibility of different <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species to TiO2\u2010NPs and ZnO\u2010NPs compared to AmB was determined by broth microdilution (BMD) and agar well diffusion methods. Cytotoxicity of TiO2\u2010NPs and ZnO\u2010NPs and amphotericin B was measured by MTT (3\u2010(4, 5\u2010Dimethylthiazol\u20102\u2010yl)\u20102, 5\u2010Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide) assay.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results indicated that the TiO2\u2010NPs and ZnO\u2010NPs showed antifungal activities against pathogenic <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of TiO2\u2010NP ranges against <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> spp. were 128\u2010256\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL and 256\u2010512\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, respectively. The MIC and MFC values of ZnO\u2010NPs were 64\u2010128\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL and 256\u2010512\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, respectively. However, MICs and MFCs of AmB were 8\u201016\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL and 16\u201032\u00a0\u00b5g\/mL, respectively. The MTT assay results showed that the CC50% belonged to ZnO\u2010NPs 706.2\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, for TiO2\u2010NPs 862.1\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, and for AmB 70.19\u00a0\u03bcg\/mL, respectively.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings showed that TiO2\u2010NPs and ZnO\u2010NPs had antifungal effects against all <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species, yet the antifungal properties of TiO2\u2010NPs and ZnO\u2010NPs were significantly less than those of AmB. The CC50% of AmB was significantly lower than ZnO\u2010NPs and TiO2\u2010NPs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23577","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,25]],"date-time":"2020-09-25T16:16:38Z","timestamp":1601050598000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":59,"title":["Comparison of antifungal and cytotoxicity activities of titanium dioxide and zinc oxide nanoparticles with amphotericin B against different <i>Candida<\/i> species: In vitro evaluation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Shima","family":"Ahmadpour Kermani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinic laboratory Social Security Organization  Baft Kerman Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7241-5246","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Samira","family":"Salari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Mycology and 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