{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T17:02:55Z","timestamp":1772816575772,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,1]],"date-time":"2021-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1635724800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cytokines play an important role in bacterial infection, and thus, we aim to find out cytokines that may be diagnostically significant in early stage of bacterial bloodstream infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mice models infected with <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> were established. Then dynamic changes of nine serum cytokines were monitored within 48\u00a0hours after the infection. Cytokines with significant differences between the infected groups and control group were further analyzed. Clinical samples of patients who were suspected of bloodstream infection were collected. Then the diagnostic efficiency of screened cytokines was determined with receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>As for mice models infected by <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>, six cytokines including IL\u20101\u03b2, IL\u20106, IL\u201012p70, G\u2010CSF, IFN\u2010\u03b3, and TNF\u2010\u03b1 were significantly different (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05) between two bacterial infected groups. As for clinical samples, three cytokines including IL\u20106, IL\u201012p70, and G\u2010CSF showed significant differences between infection group (<jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumonia<\/jats:italic> group) and negative control group. With the area under curve of 0.7350 and 0.6431 for G\u2010CSF and IL\u20106, respectively, these two cytokines were significantly different between <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic> infection groups. Combination of G\u2010CSF and IL\u20106 could improve the AUC to 0.8136.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>G\u2010CSF cannot only identify bacterial bloodstream infection, but can also distinguish the infection of <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> from <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>. Further investigation should be performed concerning the diagnostic efficiency of G\u2010CSF in diagnosing different types of bacterial bloodstream infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.23592","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,2]],"date-time":"2021-11-02T06:50:29Z","timestamp":1635835829000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["G\u2010CSF as a potential early biomarker for diagnosis of bloodstream infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"35","author":[{"given":"Huimin","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Jiaozhou People's Hospital Jiaozhou China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhen","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Jiaozhou People's Hospital Jiaozhou 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