{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T07:33:30Z","timestamp":1791876810137,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639180800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory and autoimmune disease affecting various inflammatory and nutritional parameters. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between the Body Mass Index (BMI) of MS patients and the serum levels of leptin, orexin\u2010A, and Transforming Growth Factor \u03b2 (TGF\u2010\u03b2).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included 25 patients suffering from MS and 40 healthy individuals as the case and control groups, respectively. The serum levels of leptin, orexin\u2010A, and TGF\u2010\u03b2 were assessed in the participants using the Enzyme\u2010Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods. Moreover, data were analyzed using the descriptive statistical indices, <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test, chi\u2010square test, and linear regression test.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>According to our results, the participants\u2019 mean age was 38.04\u00a0\u00b1\u00a07.53 and 40.23\u00a0\u00b1\u00a05.88 in the case and control groups, respectively. Also, the groups were not significantly different in gender, age, alcohol consumption, and smoking (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). It was found that the mean serum levels of orexin\u2010A and TGF\u2010\u03b2 were significantly lower in the MS patients compared to the control group, while the mean serum leptin levels were significantly higher (42.8 vs. 18.9\u00a0ng\/ml, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.001). Moreover, there was no significant relationship between the BMI of the MS patients and their serum levels of orexin\u2010A, TGF\u2010\u03b2, and leptin (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, we found significantly lower levels of orexin\u2010A and TGF\u2010\u03b2 and a significantly higher level of leptin in the MS patients compared to the control group. In addition, there was no significant relationship between the BMI and the serum levels of orexin\u2010A, TGF\u2010\u03b2, and leptin in MS patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24170","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,11]],"date-time":"2021-12-11T18:33:58Z","timestamp":1639247638000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Investigation of serum levels of orexin\u2010A, transforming growth factor \u03b2, and leptin in patients with multiple sclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Sepideh","family":"Moharami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC) Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 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Medical Biology Faculty of Medicine EGE University Izmir Turkey"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Omid","family":"Joodi Khanghah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC) Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2460-3098","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fatemeh","family":"Khaki\u2010Khatibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC) Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories Faculty of Medicine Tabriz University of Medical Sciences Tabriz 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