{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T14:14:48Z","timestamp":1787062488222,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1641600000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004320","name":"Shiraz University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["937348"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["937348"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004320","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS) encompasses a various spectrum of diseases. Histopathology is the \u201creference method\u201d for diagnosing FRS, but it cannot determine the genus and species. Moreover, in more than 50% of the histopathologically proven cases, the culture elicited no reliable results. This study was an attempt to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of semi\u2010nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded (FFPE) functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) in FRS patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>One hundred ten specimens were subjected to DNA extraction and histopathology examination. The amplification of the \u03b2\u2010globin gene by conventional PCR was used to confirm the quality of extracted DNA. The semi\u2010nested PCR was performed using ITS1, ITS2, and ITS4 primers during two steps. Sequencing the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1\u20105.8S\u2010ITS2) to identify causative agents was performed on PCR products.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixty\u2010four out of 110\u00a0samples were positive by histopathology evidence, of which 56\u00a0samples (87.5%) were positive by PCR. Out of 46 negative samples by histopathological methods, five samples (10.9%) yielded positive results by PCR. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of the semi\u2010nested PCR method were reported 87.5%, 89.2%, 92.7%, and 85.2%, respectively. The kappa factor between PCR and histopathological methods was 0.76, indicating substantial agreements between these two tests.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to the acceptable sensitivity and specificity of the present method, it might be used to diagnose fungal sinusitis infections along with microscopic techniques. This method is recommended to confirm the diagnose of suspected fungal sinusitis with negative histopathology results.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24209","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,8]],"date-time":"2022-01-08T05:31:21Z","timestamp":1641619881000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Evaluating a semi\u2010nested PCR to support histopathology reports of fungal rhinosinusitis in formalin\u2010fixed paraffin\u2010embedded tissue samples"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4987-8477","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohammad Javad","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences Shiraz 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