{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T21:20:27Z","timestamp":1788384027512,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aimed to analyze the incidence of azoospermia factor a (AZFa) microdeletions in the Y chromosome and their association with male infertility in a population with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia from Iraq.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 75 infertile Iraqi males and 25\u00a0healthy controls were included in this study. The semen analysis was performed to determine the azoospermia, severe oligozoospermia, or normal cases. The AZFa microdeletions were investigated using the real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (real\u2010time PCR). Then, AZFa sub\u2010region deletions were investigated by a conventional PCR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In total, 40\u00a0men with azoospermia and 35\u00a0men with severe oligozoospermia were selected. Out of 75 infertile males, 46 (61.3%) individuals had AZFa microdeletions, of whom 32 (69.6%) had partial deletion, while 14 (30.4%) males had complete deletion using real\u2010time PCR. The frequency of microdeletions was significantly different between the infertile and control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2010value\u00a0&lt;\u00a00.00001). The proportion of AZFa microdeletions appeared higher in azoospermia men (72.5%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a029\/40) than severe oligozoospermia men (48.6%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a017\/35), but based on the conventional PCR results, only one azoospermia patient (2.2%) was shown to have complete AZFa deletion, while the other 45 patients (97.8%) had partial AZFa deletions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the partial AZFa microdeletions were more numerous than complete AZFa deletion. According to our results, the AZFa microdeletions might be associated with male infertility and spermatogenic failure. It is recommended to investigate the AZFa sub\u2010region microdeletions in patients that shown AZFa microdeletions in primary screening.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24272","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,5]],"date-time":"2022-02-05T08:03:43Z","timestamp":1644048223000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Detection of partial and\/or complete Y chromosome microdeletions of azoospermia factor a (AZFa) sub\u2010region in infertile Iraqi patients with azoospermia and severe oligozoospermia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0454-8351","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mushtak T.","family":"S. Al\u2010Ouqaili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology College of Medicine University of Anbar Al\u2010Anbar Governorate Ramadi Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sahar K.","family":"Al\u2010Ani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Al\u2010Anbar Health Office Al\u2010Anbar Governorate Ramadi Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rehab","family":"Alaany","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Al\u2010Anbar Health Office Al\u2010Anbar Governorate Ramadi Iraq"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed N.","family":"Al\u2010Qaisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Ministry of Health Al\u2010Anbar Health Office Al\u2010Anbar Governorate Ramadi 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