{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T09:56:16Z","timestamp":1753869376660,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1646784000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study investigates in\u2010hospital mortality amongst patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) and its relation to serum levels of gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase (GGT).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients were stratified according to serum levels of gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase (GGT) (GGT&lt;50\u00a0IU\/L or GGT\u226550\u00a0IU\/L).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 802 participants were considered, amongst whom 486\u00a0had GGT&lt;50\u00a0IU\/L and a mean age of 48.1 (16.5) years, whilst 316\u00a0had GGT\u226550\u00a0IU\/L and a mean age of 53.8 (14.7) years. The chief sources of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 transmission were contact (366, 45.7%) and community (320, 40%). Most patients with GGT\u226550\u00a0IU\/L had either pneumonia (247, 78.2%) or acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (85, 26.9%), whilst those with GGT&lt;50\u00a0IU\/L had hypertension (141, 29%) or diabetes mellitus (DM) (147, 30.2%). Mortality was higher amongst patients with GGT\u226550\u00a0IU\/L (54, 17.1%) than amongst those with GGT&lt;50\u00a0IU\/L (29, 5.9%). More patients with GGT\u226550 required high (83, 27.6%) or low (104, 34.6%) levels of oxygen, whereas most of those with GGT&lt;50\u00a0had no requirement of oxygen (306, 71.2%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that GGT\u226550\u00a0IU\/L (odds ratio [OR]: 2.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.20\u20133.45,\u00a0<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.009), age (OR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.07,\u00a0<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001), hypertension (OR: 2.06, 95% CI: 1.19\u20133.63,\u00a0<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.011), methylprednisolone (OR: 2.96, 95% CI: 1.74\u20135.01,\u00a0<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>&lt;0.001) and fever (OR: 2.03, 95% CI: 1.15\u20133.68, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>=0.016) were significant predictors of all\u2010cause cumulative mortality. A Cox proportional hazards regression model (B\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.68, SE\u00a0=0.24, HR\u00a0=0.51, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.004) showed that patients with GGT&lt;50\u00a0IU\/L had a 0.51\u2010times lower risk of all\u2010cause cumulative mortality than patients with GGT\u226550\u00a0IU\/L.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Higher levels of serum GGT were found to be an independent predictor of in\u2010hospital mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24291","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,9]],"date-time":"2022-03-09T09:42:04Z","timestamp":1646818924000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["In\u2010hospital mortality in SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 stratified by gamma\u2010glutamyl transferase levels"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6907-011X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Moudhi","family":"Alroomi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Hospital  Shuwaikh Medical Area Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0249-0440","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rajesh","family":"Rajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiology Sabah Al Ahmed Cardiac Centre Al Amiri Hospital  Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ahmad","family":"Alsaber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jiazhu","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mathematics and Statistics University of Strathclyde  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammed","family":"Abdullah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Diseases Infectious Diseases Hospital  Shuwaikh Medical Area Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hassan","family":"Abdelnaby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Endemic and Infectious Diseases Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University  Ismailia Egypt"},{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Al Sabah Hospital  Shuwaikh Medical Area Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wael","family":"Aboelhassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Department of Medicine Jaber Al Ahmed Hospital  South Surra Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noor","family":"AlNasrallah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Al Adan Hospital  Hadiya Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bader","family":"Al\u2010Bader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Farwaniya Hospital  Farwaniya Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Haya","family":"Malhas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Mubarak Al\u2010Kabeer Hospital  Jabriya Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Ramadhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Maternity Hospital  Shuwaikh Medical Area Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soumoud","family":"Hussein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Al Amiri Hospital  Kuwait City Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Naser","family":"Alotaibi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Al Adan Hospital  Hadiya Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mohammad","family":"Al Saleh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine Farwaniya Hospital  Farwaniya Kuwait"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kobalava D.","family":"Zhanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine with the Subspecialty of Cardiology and Functional Diagnostics Named after V.S. 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