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Gut microbiota has been affirmed to interact with various organs, including the brain. Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites might target the brain directly via vagal stimulation or indirectly through immune\u2010neuroendocrine mechanisms, and they can regulate metabolism, adiposity, homoeostasis and energy balance, and central appetite and food reward signaling, which together have crucial roles in obesity. Studies support the concept of bidirectional signaling within the gut\u2013brain axis (GBA) in the pathophysiology of obesity, mediated by metabolic, endocrine, neural, and immune system mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases were searched to find relevant studies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The gut\u2013brain axis (GBA), a bidirectional connection between the gut microbiota and brain, influences physiological function and behavior through three different pathways. Neural pathway mainly consists of the enteric nervous system (ENS) and vagus nerve. Endocrine pathway, however, affects the neuroendocrine system of the brain, particularly the hypothalamus\u2013pituitary\u2013adrenal (HPA) axis and immunological pathway. Several alterations in the gut microbiome can lead to obesity, by modulating metabolic pathways and eating behaviors of the host through GBA. Therefore, novel therapies targeting the gut microbiome, i.e., fecal microbiota transplantation and supplementation with probiotics and prebiotics, can be a potential treatment for obesity.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study corroborates the effect of gut microbiome on physiological function and body weight. The results show that the gut microbiota is becoming a target for new antiobesity therapies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24420","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]],"date-time":"2022-04-14T13:43:36Z","timestamp":1649943816000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":224,"title":["Obesity and gut\u2013microbiota\u2013brain axis: A narrative review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Arezoo","family":"Asadi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology Research Center Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Negar","family":"Shadab Mehr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences  Sabzevar Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamad Hosein","family":"Mohamadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences  Sabzevar Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fazlollah","family":"Shokri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Genetics Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9839-5017","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mohsen","family":"Heidary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Sciences School of Paramedical Sciences Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences  Sabzevar Iran"},{"name":"Cellular and Molecular Research Center Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences  Sabzevar Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nourkhoda","family":"Sadeghifard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Research Center Ilam University of Medical Sciences  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saeed","family":"Khoshnood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Microbiology Research Center Ilam University of Medical Sciences  Ilam Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.https:\/\/www.who.int\/news\u2010room\/fact\u2010sheets\/detail\/obesity\u2010and\u2010overweight;2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization Obesity and Overweight 2016. 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