{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T13:58:28Z","timestamp":1789826308393,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]],"date-time":"2022-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652745600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100012021","name":"Iran University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["16127"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["16127"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100012021","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Probiotics promote a healthy balance of gut bacteria and have many beneficial effects on human digestive physiology. Although, few side effects of probiotics have been reported. This study aimed to assess the safety of five probiotic candidate <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> strains isolated from healthy individuals by examining mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and oral toxic effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five selected candidate probiotic (SCPs) strains were evaluated for genotoxicity (Ames test with <jats:italic>Salmonella typhimurium<\/jats:italic>), in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration test and an in vivo mouse micronucleus assay on peripheral blood of mice. To evaluate the oral dose toxicity, BALB\/c mice models were treated repeatedly (2000, 1000, and 500\u00a0mg\/kg body weight \/day) for 28\u2010days.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Ames test performed for two <jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>. <jats:italic>typhimurium<\/jats:italic> strains TA 98 and TA100 (both in the absence and in the presence of S\u20109\u00a0metabolic activation system) did not show an increase in reverse mutation because of exposure to the SCPs in any of the doses (5.0, 2.5, 1.25, 0.625, and 0.3125\u00a0mg\/plate). There was no genotoxicity in the SCPs treatment in the vitro chromosome aberration assay with Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO\u2010K1). In addition, none of the tested strains increased the frequency of micronucleated reticulocytes in reticulocytes, the SCPs with the studied doses caused no substantial variation in the experimental groups compared to the negative control group (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&gt;\u00a00.05). SCPs were not acutely toxic when administered to male and female BALB\/c mice by single gavage at (2000, 1000, and 500\u00a0mg\/kg b.w\/day) with no mortality or clinical signs, change in body weight or macroscopic abnormalities were observed in this dose range.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a result, SCPs did not induce mutagenic potential in vitro with bacterial reverse mutation, clastogenicity, and in vivo tests in the ranges of concentrations evaluated in our study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24481","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,18]],"date-time":"2022-05-18T06:29:01Z","timestamp":1652855341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Safety evaluation of mutagenicity, genotoxicity, and cytotoxicity of <i>Lactobacillus<\/i> spp. isolates as probiotic candidates"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Atieh","family":"Darbandi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shiva","family":"Mirkalantari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rezvan","family":"Golmoradi Zadeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Esghaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Virology Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9111-8121","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Malihe","family":"Talebi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbial Biotechnology Research Centre Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology School of Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Kakanj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Food and Drug Laboratory Research Center Food and Drug Administration MOH&amp;ME  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(98)00128-7"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"563","article-title":"Safety of probiotics","volume":"15","author":"Donohue DC","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Safety of probiotic bacteria","volume":"5","author":"Donohue D","year":"1996","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2180-11-177"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"AnadonA BellD BinderupM\u2010L et al.SCIENTIFIC OPINION.2009."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-7992(91)90090-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000094041"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2015.20.3.190"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-1161(83)90010-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4","author":"OECD TN","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","volume-title":"OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4","author":"OECD TN","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","first-page":"1","volume-title":"OECD Guidelines for the Testing of Chemicals, Section 4","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13273-012-0010-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humic.2018.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0144467"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0027-5107(00)00064-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfh173"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"FDA U Food U Administration D.Good laboratory practice for nonclinical laboratory studies. 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