{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T17:54:00Z","timestamp":1792173240364,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]],"date-time":"2022-06-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655596800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study aims to investigate underlying mechanisms of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). In this work, the GSE70493 dataset from GDM and control samples was acquired from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Afterward, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened between GDM and control samples. Subsequently, functional enrichment analysis and protein\u2013protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of these DEGs were carried out. Furthermore, significant sub\u2010modules were identified, and the functional analysis was also performed. Finally, we undertook a quantitative real\u2010time polymerase chain reaction (qRT\u2010PCR) with the purpose of confirming several key genes in GDM development. There were totally 528 up\u2010regulated and 684 down\u2010regulated DEGs between GDM and healthy samples. The functional analyses suggested that the above genes were dramatically enriched in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) process and immune\u2010related pathways. Moreover, PPI analysis revealed that several members of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) superfamily, including down\u2010regulated <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DQA1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DRB1<\/jats:italic>, <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DPA1,<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>HLA\u2010DQB1<\/jats:italic> served as hub genes. In addition, six significant sub\u2010clusters were extracted and functional analysis suggested that these four genes in sub\u2010module 1 were also associated with immune and T1DM\u2010related pathways. Finally, they were also confirmed by qRT\u2010PCR array. Besides, the four members of HLA superfamily might be implicated with molecular mechanisms of GDM, contributing to a deeper understanding of GDM development.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24515","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,20]],"date-time":"2022-06-20T05:34:18Z","timestamp":1655703258000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Identification of potential gene markers in gestational diabetes mellitus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"36","author":[{"given":"Weichun","family":"Tang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University  Nantong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyu","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University  Nantong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8288-4062","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liping","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University  Nantong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiling","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University  Nantong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xinyi","family":"Kang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology The Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University  Nantong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2013.203331"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The 2019 Flemish consensus on screening for overt diabetes in early pregnancy and screening for gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"1","author":"Benhalima KMC","year":"2019","journal-title":"Acta Clin Belg"},{"issue":"18","key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","first-page":"30806","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus postpartum follow\u2010up testing: challenges and solutions","volume":"1499","author":"Balaji BRMA","year":"2019","journal-title":"Can J Diabetes"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2012.96"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00578-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(85)90272-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcb.27279"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcma.2017.06.027"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13148-015-0116-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/nar\/gki022"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"G.K. 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