{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T22:44:11Z","timestamp":1790117051187,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19-20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]],"date-time":"2023-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1696464000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Viral pneumonia such as COVID\u201019\u2010associated aspergillosis could increase susceptibility to fungal super\u2010infections in critically ill patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here we report a pediatric case of <jats:italic>Aspergillus quadrilineatus<\/jats:italic> cerebral infection in a recently diagnosed COVID\u201019\u2010positive patient underlying acute lymphocytic leukemia. Morphological, molecular methods, and sequencing were used to identify this emerging species.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Histopathological examination showed a granulomatous necrotic area containing dichotomously branching septate hyphae indicating a presumptive <jats:italic>Aspergillus<\/jats:italic> structure. The species\u2010level identity of isolate growing on brain biopsy culture was confirmed by PCR sequencing of the <jats:italic>\u03b2\u2010tubulin<\/jats:italic> gene as <jats:italic>A.\u2009quadrilineatus<\/jats:italic>. Using the CLSI M38\u2010A3 broth microdilution methodology, the in vitro antifungal susceptibility testing demonstrated 0.032\u2009\u03bcg\/mL MIC for posaconazole, caspofungin, and anidulafungin and 8\u2009\u03bcg\/mL against amphotericin B. A combination of intravenous liposomal amphotericin B and caspofungin therapy for 8\u2009days did not improve the patient's condition. The patient gradually continued to deteriorate and expired.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is the first COVID\u201019\u2010associated cerebral aspergillosis due to <jats:italic>A.\u2009quadrilineatus<\/jats:italic> in a pediatric patient with acute lymphocytic leukemia. However, comprehensive screening studies are highly recommended to evaluate its frequency and antifungal susceptibility profiles. Before being recommended as first\u2010line therapy in high\u2010risk patients, more antifungal susceptibility data are needed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,6]],"date-time":"2023-10-06T17:35:31Z","timestamp":1696613731000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Central nervous system <i>Aspergillus quadrilineatus<\/i> infection in a <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 patient, a case report and literature review"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"37","author":[{"given":"Kazem","family":"Amirizad","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Mycology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mona","family":"Ghazanfari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Mazandaran Iran"},{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9336-2518","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Javad","family":"Javidnia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Mazandaran Iran"},{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdi","family":"Abastabar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Mazandaran Iran"},{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Haghi\u00a0Ashtiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children's Medical Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2318-8571","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maryam","family":"Sotoudeh\u00a0Anvari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgical and Clinical Pathology, Cardiac Research, Tehran Heart Center Tehran University of Medical Sciences; Tehran  Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryam","family":"Fathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medical Sciences Tarbiat Modares University  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amirreza","family":"Espahbodi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Mazandaran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Badali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Molecular Microbiology &amp; Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases The University of Texas at San Antonio  San Antonio Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammad Taghi","family":"Hedayati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Mazandaran Iran"},{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9723-7618","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Iman","family":"Haghani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Mycology, School of Medicine Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Mazandaran Iran"},{"name":"Invasive Fungi Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences  Sari Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seyedmojtaba","family":"Seyedmousavi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Microbiology Service, Clinical Center National Institutes of Health  Bethesda Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amsu.2022.104122"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/652768"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofy213"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-020-05162-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00474-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-022-01172-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jof8040390"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11046-020-00493-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13348"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13019"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","first-page":"141","article-title":"Classification of\u00a0Aspergillus, Penicillium, Talaromyces and related genera (Eurotiales): an overview of families, genera, subgenera, sections, series and species","volume":"96","author":"Houbraken J","year":"2020","journal-title":"Studies in Mycology"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.13481"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/myc.12854"},{"issue":"38","key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of filamentous fungi; 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