{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:32:45Z","timestamp":1792805565036,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":165,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1-2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,22]],"date-time":"2024-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705881600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":21,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Periodontal diseases (PDs) have been documented to be significantly more prevalent and severe in patients with Down syndrome (DS). Different immunological and microbiological factors contributed to predisposing these patients to progressive and recurrent PDs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The aim of this review was to investigate the altered immunological responses and oral microbiota disorders as well as focus on adjunctive non\u2010surgical methods for the treatment of PDs and its applicability in patients with DS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Material and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A literature review was conducted addressing the following topics: (1) the altered immunological responses, (2) orofacial disorders related to DS patients, (3) oral microbiota changing, and (4) adjunctive non\u2010surgical treatment and its efficacy in patients with DS.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Due to the early onset of PDs in children with DS, the need for prompt and effective treatment in these patients is essential.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Discussion and Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>So, investigating underlying factors may open a new window to better understand the pathology of PDs in DS people and thus, find better strategies for treatment in such group. Although non\u2010surgical treatments such as photodynamic therapy and probiotic consumption represented acceptable outcomes in different examined patients without DS, data about the application of these convenience and no need for local anesthesia methods in patients with DS is limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.25002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,23]],"date-time":"2024-01-23T00:10:36Z","timestamp":1705968636000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Periodontal disease in down syndrome: Predisposing factors and potential\n                    <scp>non\u2010surgical<\/scp>\n                    therapeutic approaches"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Mahdie","family":"Ghaffarpour","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry Tehran University of Medical Sciences  Tehran 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