{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T00:48:36Z","timestamp":1791852516330,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718582400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":47,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The global spread of extended\u2010spectrum beta\u2010lactamase (ESBL)\u2010producing and carbapenem\u2010resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) poses a significant concern. Acquisition of antimicrobial resistance genes leads to resistance against several antibiotics, limiting treatment options. We aimed to study ESBL\u2010producing and CRE transmission in clinical settings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From clinical samples, 227 ESBL\u2010producing and CRE isolates were obtained. The isolates were cultured on bacterial media and confirmed by VITEK 2. Antibiograms were tested against several antibiotics using VITEK 2. The acquired resistance genes were identified by PCR.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Of the 227 clinical isolates, 145 (63.8%) were\n                      <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      and 82 (36.1%) were\n                      <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      ; 76 (33.4%) isolates were detected in urine, 57 (25.1%) in pus swabs, and 53 (23.3%) in blood samples. A total of 58 (70.7%) ESBL\u2010producing\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      were resistant to beta\u2010lactams, except for carbapenems, and 17.2% were amikacin\u2010resistant; 29.2% of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were resistant to carbapenems. A total of 106 (73.1%) ESBL\u2010producing\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      were resistant to all beta\u2010lactams, except for carbapenems, and 66.9% to ciprofloxacin; 38 (26.2%)\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      were resistant to carbapenems. Colistin emerged as the most effective antibiotic against both bacterial types. Twelve (20.6%)\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates were positive for\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CTX\u2010M<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 11 (18.9%) for\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and 8 (33.3%) for\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                      . Forty\u2010six (52.3%)\n                      <jats:italic>K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n                      isolates had\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>CTX\u2010M<\/jats:sub>\n                      , 27 (18.6%)\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>TEM<\/jats:sub>\n                      , and 26 (68.4%)\n                      <jats:italic>bla<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>NDM<\/jats:sub>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study found a high prevalence of drug\u2010resistant ESBL\u2010producing and CRE, highlighting the need for targeted antibiotic use to combat resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.25081","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,17]],"date-time":"2024-06-17T07:24:56Z","timestamp":1718609096000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["The Rising Tide of Antibiotic Resistance: A Study on Extended\u2010Spectrum Beta\u2010Lactamase and Carbapenem\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Escherichia coli<\/i>\n                    and\n                    <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6185-2042","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hasan","family":"Ejaz","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences Jouf University  Sakaka Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2636-238X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Muhammad\u00a0Usman","family":"Qamar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences Government College University Faisalabad  Faisalabad Pakistan"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine Geneva University Hospitals and Medical School  Geneva Switzerland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4631-2769","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aisha","family":"Farhana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences Jouf University  Sakaka Saudi 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