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Treatment of MDR\u2010 and XDR\u2010TB using bedaquiline (BDQ) and delamanid (DLM), two newly introduced medications, is steadily increasing. This narrative review aimed to present a concise overview of the existing information regarding BDQ and DLM, and elucidate their antimicrobial characteristics, resistance mechanisms, synergism with other drugs, and side effects.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To collect the required information about the antimicrobial properties, a search for scientific evidence from the Scopus, PubMed, and Embase databases was performed, and all recently published articles up to May 2024 were considered.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      BDQ had potent antimicrobial effects on various types of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM), including rapid\u2010growing and slow\u2010growing species, and MDR\/XDR\n                      <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The mechanisms of BDQ resistance in\n                      <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      primarily involve mutations in three genes:\n                      <jats:italic>atpE<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>mmpR<\/jats:italic>\n                      (\n                      <jats:italic>Rv0678<\/jats:italic>\n                      ) and\n                      <jats:italic>pepQ<\/jats:italic>\n                      . BDQ may have synergistic effects when combined with DLM, pyrazinamide, and pretomanid\/linezolid. BDQ has a low incidence of side effects. The use of BDQ may prolong the QTc interval. Similarly, DLM showed potent antimicrobial effects on NTM and MDR\/XDR\n                      <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      . The main resistance mechanisms to DLM are induced by mutations in\n                      <jats:italic>fbiA<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>fbiB<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>fbiC<\/jats:italic>\n                      ,\n                      <jats:italic>fgd1<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and\n                      <jats:italic>ddn<\/jats:italic>\n                      genes. The DLM had synergistic effects with BDQ and moxifloxacin. The DLM also has few side effects in some patients including QTc prolongation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>BDQ and DLM are suitable antibiotics with few side effects for the treatment of MDR\/XDR\u2010TB. These antibiotics have synergistic effects when combined with other antituberculosis drugs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.25091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]],"date-time":"2024-09-04T13:43:37Z","timestamp":1725457417000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["A Narrative Review of Bedaquiline and Delamanid: New Arsenals Against Multidrug\u2010Resistant and Extensively Drug\u2010Resistant\n                    <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Nazanin","family":"Ahmad\u00a0Khosravi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mehrandokht","family":"Sirous","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Bushehr University of Medical Sciences  Bushehr Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azar\u00a0Dokht","family":"Khosravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7419-0116","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Morteza","family":"Saki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences  Ahvaz Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2023","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5588\/ijtld.22.0006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","volume-title":"Global Tuberculosis Report 2020","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12701\/yujm.2020.00626"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","volume-title":"Global tuberculosis report 2016","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-47094-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/20016689.2017.1283105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pulmoe.2021.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1183597"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091389"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkw044"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18020341"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ph14050461"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics13050592"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12088-017-0674-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.02.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040261"},{"issue":"8","key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","article-title":"Bedaquiline: A Novel Diarylquinoline for Multidrug\u2010Resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis","volume":"14","author":"Deshkar A. 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