{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,6]],"date-time":"2026-11-06T06:08:57Z","timestamp":1793945337243,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":90,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]],"date-time":"2024-11-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The infection caused by\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      arises from a complex interplay between the host immune system and the bacteria. Early and effective treatment of this disease is of great importance in order to prevent the emergence of drug\u2010resistant strains. This necessitates the availability of fast and reliable diagnostic methods for managing affected cases. One reason why this study is significant is the lack of a comprehensive review in this field that thoroughly examines the importance, pathogenesis, and diagnosis of\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      . Therefore, the aim of this review is to provide updated information on\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We investigate the virulence factors, pathogenicity, and diagnostic methods of this bacterium, alongside the clinical symptoms and interpretation of different types of tuberculosis, including cerebral, miliary, nerve, and tubercular tuberculosis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      acts as the causative agent of human tuberculosis and is regarded as one of the most adaptable human pathogens.\n                      <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      possesses several virulence factors that help the bacterium evade mucous barriers. The rise of multidrug\u2010resistant tuberculosis (MDR\u2010TB) in both developing and industrialized countries emphasizes the need for rapid diagnostic methods.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Non\u2010protein virulence factors play a crucial role in the pathogenicity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (\n                      <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      ). The bacterial cell membrane contains proteins that modulate the host immune response. For instance, ESAT\u20106, either alone or in combination with CFP\u201010, reduces immune activity. While molecular techniques\u2014such as DNA microarray, luciferase reporter assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), DNA and RNA probes, next\u2010generation sequencing, and whole\u2010genome sequencing\u2014offer rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of\n                      <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic>\n                      , these methods are expensive and require technical expertise.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.25122","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,27]],"date-time":"2024-11-27T00:46:50Z","timestamp":1732668410000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":95,"title":["<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/i>\n                    : The Mechanism of Pathogenicity, Immune Responses, and Diagnostic Challenges"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"38","author":[{"given":"Noura","family":"Mohammadnabi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Khomein University of Medical Sciences  Khomein Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jebreil","family":"Shamseddin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences  Bandar Abbas Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mobina","family":"Emadi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Khomein University of Medical Sciences  Khomein Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali Bayat","family":"Bodaghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Khomein University of Medical Sciences  Khomein Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahdieh","family":"Varseh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Student Research Committee Khomein University of Medical Sciences  Khomein Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aref","family":"Shariati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Infectious Diseases Research Center (IDRC) Arak University of Medical Sciences  Arak Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Rezaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Environment, College of Engineering University of Tehran  Tehran Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mahsa","family":"Dastranj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Department, Kurdistan Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University  Sanandaj Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0245-2612","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abbas","family":"Farahani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Medicine Research Center Khomein University of Medical Sciences  Khomein Iran"},{"name":"Department of Basic Sciences Khomein University of Medical Sciences  Khomein Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens12010049"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/pathogens9050385"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2018.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.02443-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/biom13060968"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micres.2020.126674"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","first-page":"25","article-title":"Pathogenesis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis","volume":"125","author":"Dannenberg A. 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