{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T03:16:59Z","timestamp":1789528619552,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1737417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> is a significant opportunistic pathogen, especially in hospital\u2010acquired infections, with plasmid\u2010mediated fluoroquinolone resistance posing a major healthcare threat. This research aimed to isolate fluoroquinolone\u2010resistant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"><jats:italic>P.\u2009aeruginosa<\/jats:italic><\/jats:styled-content> from patients at Aleppo University Hospital, assess the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance, confirm molecular identity, identify plasmid\u2010associated resistance genes, and investigate virulence factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 430 samples were collected from patients and cultured on selective media for identification. Molecular confirmation was achieved through PCR techniques. Various media were used to assess virulence factors and antibiotic resistance while also investigating the prevalence of resistance\u2010related genes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study identified 29 fluoroquinolone\u2010resistant <jats:italic>P.\u2009aeruginosa<\/jats:italic> isolates. These strains exhibited complete resistance to penicillins and all four generations of cephalosporins while remaining 100% sensitive to colistin. Notably, both hemolysin and gelatinase production rates were found to be 100%, and 48.2% of the isolates formed strong biofilms. The <jats:italic>aac(6\u2032)\u2010Ib<\/jats:italic> gene was present in 72.4% of the isolates, the <jats:italic>qnrS<\/jats:italic> gene in 44.8%, and the <jats:italic>qnrB<\/jats:italic> gene in 13.7%. Additionally, 37.8% of the isolates contained two types of resistance genes, while 62% had one type. Importantly, all resistant isolates (100%) possessed at least four virulence factors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings indicate a prevalence of plasmid\u2010associated fluoroquinolone resistance genes in the studied isolates. It is recommended to rationalize fluoroquinolone use to preserve their effectiveness against multidrug\u2010resistant strains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.25153","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]],"date-time":"2025-01-21T10:06:53Z","timestamp":1737454013000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevalence of Plasmid\u2010Mediated Fluoroquinolone Resistance Genes in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i> Among Patients at Aleppo University Hospital, Syria"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-0483-5413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roula","family":"Shanan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences University of Aleppo  Aleppo Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nihad","family":"Yousef","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences University of Aleppo  Aleppo Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M. Emad","family":"Balid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine University of Aleppo  Aleppo Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zaher S.","family":"Tahan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences University of Aleppo  Aleppo Syria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/ijb.v7n2p44"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","first-page":"54","article-title":"Prevalence and Virulence of Commensal \n                     Pseudomonas aeruginosa\n                   Isolates From Healthy Individuals in Southern Vietnam (2018\u20132020)","volume":"11","author":"Tran N. B. V.","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomedicine"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/labmed-2019-0162"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.5.2074-2079.2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/ahs.v18i1.3"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.burnso.2020.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.000397"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0266787"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0042-1742636"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-022-06128-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S203288"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24342"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-022-07215-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/0-387-28021-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","volume-title":"Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing; Approved Standard","author":"CLSI","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2021.e07967"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.9734\/MRJI\/2018\/44295"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1590\/s1678-9946201961020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11113\/mjfas.v18n1.2302"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Molecular Characterization of \n                     Pseudomonas aeruginosa\n                   Isolates From Various Clinical Specimens in Khartoum\/Sudan: Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes","volume":"10","author":"Barbour I.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Arabic Journal of Anti\u2010Microbial Agents"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtumed.2020.04.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104-020-05224-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.22317\/jcms.v10i1.1415"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17843\/rpmesp.2021.382.6977"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12030486"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12866-024-03319-z"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","first-page":"1788","article-title":"Plasmid\u2010Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in \n                     Pseudomonas aeruginosa\n                   Isolates of Burn Infection","volume":"13","author":"Alinezhad M.","year":"2023","journal-title":"International Journal of Molecular and Clinical Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12816\/0042252"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics10010029"},{"issue":"7","key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","first-page":"S1","article-title":"Efflux\u2010Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance in Bacteria","volume":"69","author":"Nikaido H.","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.25130\/tjps.v26i6.187"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics12091354"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/MJ.MJ_11_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1051\/bioconf\/20248403017"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24850"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcla.25153","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,26]],"date-time":"2025-02-26T09:06:53Z","timestamp":1740560813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcla.25153"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcla.25153"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.25153","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-8013","1098-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-8013","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,1,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2024-09-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-08","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-01-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e25153"}}