{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,9]],"date-time":"2026-07-09T04:31:49Z","timestamp":1783571509616,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1760659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Introduction<\/jats:title>\n \n \n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n , a member of the\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n family, is a leading cause of various infections. Carbapenems, a potent class of \u03b2\u2010lactam antibiotics, serve as the last line of defense against multidrug\u2010resistant bacteria. However, the global rise of carbapenemase\u2010producing\n \n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (CP\u2010Ec), particularly metallo\u2010\u03b2\u2010lactamases (MBLs), poses a significant public health concern. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n genes in\n \n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n strains isolated from clinical samples.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n \n A cross\u2010sectional study was conducted on 80 meropenem\u2010resistant\n \n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n strains isolated from clinical samples. Bacterial identification was performed using biochemical tests, including IMViC. Carbapenemase production was assessed using the modified carbapenem inactivation method (mCIM). Genotypic analysis of carbapenem\u2010resistant strains was conducted via polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n genes.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n The mCIM phenotypic test identified 46.25% (37\/80) of isolates as carbapenemase producers. PCR analysis revealed that\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n was more prevalent than\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n (48.65% vs. 16.22%). Four isolates (10.81%) carried both genes. Notably, 35.14% (13\/37) of meropenem\u2010resistant\n \n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n isolates tested negative for both\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n , indicating the possible involvement of other carbapenemase genes such as\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n VIM<\/jats:sub>\n or non\u2010carbapenemase mechanisms.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n \n The detection of\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n NDM\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n IMP\u20101<\/jats:sub>\n genes in\n \n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n highlights the alarming spread of carbapenem resistance. The presence of resistant strains lacking these genes suggests additional resistance mechanisms, warranting further investigation.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.70100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]],"date-time":"2025-10-17T07:16:05Z","timestamp":1760685365000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Detection of\n bla<\/i>\n NDM\u20101<\/sub>\n and\n bla<\/i>\n IMP\u20101<\/sub>\n Metallo\u2010\u03b2\u2010Lactamases in Meropenem\u2010Resistant Clinical\n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n Isolates Using Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (\n mCIM<\/scp>\n ) and\n PCR<\/scp>\n Techniques"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3846-4770","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mehdi Roshdi","family":"Maleki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Male.C., Islamic Azad University Malekan Iran"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64992-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-019-0290-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jgid.jgid_68_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/jmm.0.001462"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.01339-23"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00397-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40560-020-0429-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciz824"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21239308"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-52536-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics11020236"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm13144199"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq520"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2020.00314"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.05247-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","volume-title":"Clinical Microbiology Procedures Handbook, Multi\u2010Volume","author":"Leber A. 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