{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T23:39:00Z","timestamp":1775000340451,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1758499200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Background<\/jats:title>\n \n Globally, multidrug resistance (MDR), including extended\u2010spectrum \u03b2\u2010lactamase (ESBL) and carbapenemase production in\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n , is increasing. Data concerning their presence in South Lebanon are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ESBL and carbapenem\u2010resistant\n Enterobacteriaceae<\/jats:italic>\n (CRE) in\n \n Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) and\n \n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n (\n \n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) isolates from the Saida region.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Methods<\/jats:title>\n In Hammoud Hospital University Medical Center (HHUMC), and over a period of 9\u2009months, identification and susceptibility testing of the isolates using the Kirby\u2013Bauer method were performed and then confirmed as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Molecular analysis of the genes encoding ESBL and carbapenemases was investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n \n A total of 200 isolates (171\n \n E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n and 29\u2009\n \n K. pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>\n <\/jats:styled-content>\n ) were obtained from different clinical specimens (urine, rectal swabs, blood, sputum, pus, wound\/tissue, nasal swabs, vaginal swabs) and were subsequently studied. Nearly 89.5% (179\/200) and 10.5% (21\/200) of the isolates were producers of ESBL and carbapenemase, respectively. The ESBL isolates showed high sensitivity toward carbapenem drugs, whereas the CRE isolates were most sensitive to tigecycline. Of 67 studied ESBL isolates,\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n CTX\u2010M<\/jats:sub>\n (44.8%) was the most prevalent gene, followed by\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n TEM<\/jats:sub>\n (37.3%) and\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n SHV<\/jats:sub>\n (13.4%). Among the CRE isolates, only two of 21 collected isolates were positive for the\n bla<\/jats:italic>\n OXA\u201048<\/jats:sub>\n gene.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n This type of scenario highlights the necessity of using antibiotics sparingly and putting stringent measures in place to prevent infections.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.70108","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]],"date-time":"2025-09-22T09:05:33Z","timestamp":1758531933000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Phenotypic, Targeted Genotypic, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling of Extended\u2010Spectrum \u03b2\u2010Lactamase Production and Exclusive\n \n bla<\/i>\n OXA<\/sub>\n <\/scp>\n \u221248<\/sub>\n Gene Detection in\n \n Escherichia coli<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n and\n \n Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/i>\n <\/scp>\n Isolates From a South Lebanese Hospital"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"39","author":[{"given":"Aya","family":"Kahil","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Testing Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Health Sciences Beirut Arab University Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1519-6790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elie Salem","family":"Sokhn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Molecular Testing Laboratory, Medical Laboratory Department, Faculty of Health Sciences Beirut Arab University Beirut Lebanon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.4277"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1099\/mgen.0.000197"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2018.11.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","unstructured":"P.Dahal \u201cAntimicrobial Resistance (AMR) and Antibacterial Resistance (ABR) \u201d (2022) https:\/\/microbenotes.com\/antimicrobial\u2010resistance\u2010amr\u2010antibacterial\u2010resistance\u2010abr\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.) \u201cAntibiotic Resistance Threats in the United States 2019 \u201d (2019) https:\/\/stacks.cdc.gov\/view\/cdc\/82532."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0222911"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13104\u2010017\u20102917\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/541340"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms9112246"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","volume-title":"Gram\u2010Negative Bacteria","author":"Oliveira J.","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21931\/RB\/2022.07.01.11"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3855\/jidc.10038"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.54729\/2789\u20108288.1155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/jgid.jgid_49_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.293.3576"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01076\u201018"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2012.00110"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2016.10.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S244357"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2019.02.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010021\u201094295\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2023\/8831804"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3823\/863"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","unstructured":"Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) \u201cM100 | Performance Standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing \u201d (2025) https:\/\/clsi.org\/shop\/standards\/m100\/."},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0377\u20104929.134698"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00270\u201007"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/3211488"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118445112.stat05999.pub2"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14744\/hnhj.2019.55706"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5578\/mb.8437"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02117\u201012"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20100691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.33393\/dti.2023.2622"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/medsci8030032"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ijp.IJP_200_17"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20100691.2009.02941.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874303X01508010071"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879\u2010016\u20101655\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/4190306"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756\u2010016\u20100103\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2019.04.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12941\u2010016\u20100121\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkt027"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13756\u2010020\u201000856\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0203323"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469\u20100691.2008.02059.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_48_1","first-page":"226","article-title":"Dissemination of Carbapenemases Producing Gram Negative Bacteria in the Middle East","volume":"7","author":"Zahedi bialvaei A.","year":"2015","journal-title":"Iranian Journal of Microbiology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jiw282"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2023.1290912"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijmm.2013.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010022\u201007215\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/bbrj.bbrj_270_21"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033\u2010020\u201006047\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dks121"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1478"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcla.70108","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T08:16:21Z","timestamp":1761812181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcla.70108"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"20","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcla.70108"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.70108","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-8013","1098-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-8013","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-10","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-10","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2025-09-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70108"}}