{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T13:33:37Z","timestamp":1768311217341,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,5]],"date-time":"2025-12-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1764892800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is a complex psychiatric disorder characterized by constant, unconstrained worrying. This investigation aimed to explore the potential role of soluble L\u2010selectin (sL\u2010selectin) and proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) in the pathogenesis of GAD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 88 patients and 88 healthy controls (HCs) matched with age and sex. A psychiatrist confirmed the GAD diagnosis, assessed symptom severity using the GAD\u20107 scale, and evaluated controls based on the DSM\u20105 criteria. Serum levels of sL\u2010selectin and PCSK9 were quantified using commercially available ELISA kits.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Serum sL\u2010selectin concentrations were notably lower in GAD patients than HCs (0.51\u2009\u00b1\u20090.07\u2009\u03bcg\/mL vs. 1.52\u2009\u00b1\u20090.18\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). Additionally, there was a significant inverse association between sL\u2010selectin levels and GAD\u20107 scores (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.359,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001). This sL\u2010selectin also demonstrated strong predictive ability in the ROC investigation, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.718 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001), indicating 64.3% sensitivity and 76.5% specificity at a threshold of 0.60\u2009\u03bcg\/mL. In contrast, no notable difference was observed for serum PCSK9 levels between GAD patients and HCs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study provides a better understanding of the relationship between inflammatory cytokines and GAD pathogenesis. The results indicate that sL\u2010selectin, rather than PCSK9, may be associated with the pathophysiology of GAD. Still, more advanced investigations with greater sample sizes and extensive studies are essential to verify the probable diagnostic utility of serum sL\u2010selectin levels.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.70144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,6]],"date-time":"2025-12-06T07:11:22Z","timestamp":1765005082000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Reduced Serum Soluble L\u2010Selectin Levels but Not\n                    <scp>PCSK9<\/scp>\n                    May Be Associated With Generalized Anxiety Disorder: A Case\u2013Control Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-5085-2716","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Farzana Akter","family":"Munny","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abir Hasan","family":"Pranto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific  Dhaka Bangladesh"},{"name":"Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shimanta","family":"Paul","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy University of Asia Pacific  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1680-3006","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Aminul","family":"Haque","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy BRAC University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rashna","family":"Sharmin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine &amp; Clinical Hematology BIRDEM General Hospital  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharifa","family":"Sultana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Life Science Daffodil International University  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Md. Alamgir","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology University of Dhaka  Dhaka Bangladesh"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2820-3144","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md. Rabiul","family":"Islam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Pharmacy BRAC University  Dhaka 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