{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T19:55:29Z","timestamp":1770753329474,"version":"3.50.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]],"date-time":"2025-12-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765929600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. is an important pathogen responsible for severe diarrheal illness, especially in children, and is transmitted by various modes. The present work is aimed at categorizing\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. infection and determining associated risk factors by ML on a known dataset of diarrhea among children.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>For classification, we used random forest and bagging CART trees. Model discrimination was measured by accuracy, balanced accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and F1\u2010score. Then, a 5\u2010fold cross\u2010validation method was used to verify the reliability of the model. Importance values were also calculated to identify the most important risk factors for infection.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The bagged CART model emerged as the best among the models applied, with slightly better classification. For this model, performance metrics were: accuracy (87.2%), balanced accuracy (56.3%), sensitivity (97.2%), specificity (15.4%), positive predictive value (89.3%), negative predictive value (42.9%), F1\u2010score (93.0%). As shown by the variable importance analysis, the strongest risk factor was the number of people in the household (people \u2265\u20095), which represented a higher risk of infection in crowded housings. Sources of water also came up as an important environmental factor; plain tap water and pipe\u2010line water appeared to be major causes of transmission.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Such results indicate that waterborne transmission is the main route of\n                      <jats:italic>Cryptosporidium<\/jats:italic>\n                      spp. infection. These findings underscore the importance of water quality improvements, including efforts to address water disinfection, particularly in areas with household crowding and inadequate sanitation access.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,18]],"date-time":"2025-12-18T06:01:37Z","timestamp":1766037697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling Factors Associated With Diarrhea Caused by\n                    <i>Cryptosporidium<\/i>\n                    Species Using Machine Learning Methods"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7145-7476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T\u00fcrkan Mutlu","family":"Yar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Ordu University Faculty of Medicine  Ordu T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7956-9272","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zeynep","family":"K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckak\u00e7ali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics Inonu University Faculty of Medicine  Ordu T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"\u00dclk\u00fc","family":"Karaman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Parasitology Ordu University Faculty of Medicine  Ordu T\u00fcrkiye"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1556\/1886.2019.00019"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.37022\/wjcmpr.v5i3.264"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","unstructured":"B.JanssenandJ.Snowden \u201cCryptosporidiosis \u201d(2025)."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11041056"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(79)90344-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473\u20103099(14)70772\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199503303321304"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328357e569"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586\u2010024\u201008564\u2010w"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07853890.2024.2362869"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010023\u201006220\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.41448"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12884\u2010025\u201007313\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cix731"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0008195"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18182\/tjf.342504"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/19942060.2020.1715844"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MOG.0000000000000132"},{"issue":"3","key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"424","article-title":"Practice Parameter: The Management of Acute Gastroenteritis in Young Children","volume":"97","author":"Nazarian L. 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