{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:46:27Z","timestamp":1786977987654,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1771372800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010849","name":"Health and Family Planning Commission of Wuhan Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["WX20C23"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["WX20C23"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010849","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Direct thrombin inhibitors may lead to falsely low fibrinogen results. The interference of bivalirudin on fibrinogen assays has not been thoroughly evaluated. This study investigates the interference of bivalirudin on fibrinogen detection and the potential use of activated carbon to address this issue.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Normal pooled plasma from 20 healthy subjects was spiked with increasing bivalirudin concentrations (0\u20136.4\u2009\u03bcg\/mL). Interference of bivalirudin on fibrinogen testing was evaluated by comparing three Clauss\u2010method assays (HemosIL Fibrinogen\u2010C XL; STA\u2010Fibrinogen; Dade Thrombin) to an immunoassay (N Antiserum to Human Fibrinogen reagent, NAHF). Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen results were analyzed before and after the addition of activated carbon (AC) to evaluate the absorption of bivalirudin by AC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The NAHF immunoassay remained unaffected by bivalirudin (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.27). All three Clauss\u2010methods assays showed a significant downward trend with the increase of bivalirudin concentration (STA\u2010Fibrinogen:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.012, Dade Thrombin:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001, Fibrinogen\u2010C XL:\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). When compared to their respective baselines, STA\u2010Fibrinogen exhibited a reduction of 16%, Dade Thrombin showed a reduction of 40%, and Fibrinogen\u2010C XL displayed a decrease of up to 89%. Neither STA\u2010Fibrinogen nor Dade Thrombin displayed a significant downward trend when the APTT ratio did not exceed 2.5. After the addition of AC, SynthASil APTT and HemosIL Fibrinogen\u2010C XL levels of all samples containing varying concentrations of bivalirudin returned to near baseline.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The influences of bivalirudin on fibrinogen assays vary significantly. Activated carbon can effectively remove bivalirudin from plasma, thereby eliminating its interference on fibrinogen testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.70184","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]],"date-time":"2026-02-18T15:51:08Z","timestamp":1771429868000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Resolving Bivalirudin Interference on Fibrinogen Testing by the Use of Activated Carbon"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-9103-3981","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jia","family":"Du","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Wuhan Asia General Hospital Affiliate to Wuhan University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Center of Laboratory Medicine Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliate to Wuhan University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiyan","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Wuhan Asia General Hospital Affiliate to Wuhan University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Wuhan Asia General Hospital Affiliate to Wuhan University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Center of Laboratory Medicine Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliate to Wuhan University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuzheng","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Laboratory Medicine Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliate to Wuhan University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenlu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Wuhan Asia General Hospital Affiliate to Wuhan University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Center of Laboratory Medicine Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliate to Wuhan University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Litao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Laboratory Wuhan Asia General Hospital Affiliate to Wuhan University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"},{"name":"Center of Laboratory Medicine Wuhan Asia Heart Hospital Affiliate to Wuhan University of Science and Technology  Wuhan China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(22)01999-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1706443"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2018024489"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtha.2022.11.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-62703-339-8_14"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2024.119680"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.12719"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31817885b7"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14201"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","first-page":"311","article-title":"The Use of Activated Charcoal to Treat Intoxications","volume":"18","author":"Zellner T.","year":"2019","journal-title":"Deutsches \u00c4rzteblatt International"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jth.14488"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ijlh.14040"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"371","article-title":"Effects of the Oral, Direct Thrombin Inhibitor Dabigatran on Five Common Coagulation Assays","volume":"2","author":"Lindahl T. L.","year":"2011","journal-title":"Thrombosis and Haemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","first-page":"270","article-title":"Laboratory Monitoring of Parenteral Direct Thrombin Inhibitors","volume":"3","author":"Van Cott E. M.","year":"2017","journal-title":"Seminars in Thrombosis and Hemostasis"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1213\/01.ANE.0000057605.61063.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11239-019-01961-3"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcla.70184","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jcla.70184","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jcla.70184","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T11:14:01Z","timestamp":1773918841000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jcla.70184"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"references-count":16,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jcla.70184"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jcla.70184","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0887-8013","1098-2825"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0887-8013","type":"print"},{"value":"1098-2825","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-12-29","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-12","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-02-18","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70184"}}