{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,24]],"date-time":"2026-04-24T11:36:01Z","timestamp":1777030561596,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773705600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Clinical Laboratory Analysis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Platelet\u2010rich fibrin (PRF) is widely used in oral and maxillofacial procedures for its regenerative and antimicrobial properties. Structural modifications, such as autoclaving, may enhance its usability. This study compared the antibacterial effects of fresh and autoclaved PRF against\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , a clinically relevant nosocomial pathogen.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PRF was prepared from six healthy volunteers. Fresh clots and autoclaved plasma fractions were tested using two centrifugation protocols. Antibacterial activity was assessed by disk diffusion and colony\u2010forming unit (CFU) assays. Methanol extraction evaluated the contribution of heat\u2010stable, non\u2010protein components. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyzed structural changes in PRF membranes following autoclaving.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Fresh PRF demonstrated antibacterial activity, with inhibition zones of 13.7\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009mm (Protocol A) and 17.3\u2009\u00b1\u20090.8\u2009mm (Protocol B), and significant CFU reduction. Autoclaved PRF showed slightly larger zones (15.2\u2009\u00b1\u20090.7\u2009mm and 18.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.6\u2009mm) and enhanced efficacy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), whereas methanol\u2010extracted PRF retained partial activity. SEM revealed a dense fibrin network in fresh PRF and a porous, honeycomb\u2010like architecture in autoclaved PRF, suggesting that structural changes may contribute to improved antibacterial function.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Both fresh and autoclaved PRF exhibited antibacterial activity against\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>P. aeruginosa<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      , with autoclaved PRF showing enhanced efficacy. Activity in methanol\u2010extracted PRF indicates a potential role for heat\u2010stable, non\u2010protein components. These findings highlight thermally treated PRF as a sterilizable, bioactive biomaterial for infection\u2010prone dental and surgical applications. Future studies should identify the specific antibacterial constituents and confirm their efficacy in\u00a0vivo to support clinical translation.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.70204","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T12:44:57Z","timestamp":1773751497000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Antibacterial Activity of Fresh and Autoclaved Platelet\u2010Rich Fibrin on\n                    <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa<\/i>\n                    : An In\u00a0Vitro Study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ahmed I.","family":"Alzahrani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shaban R. M.","family":"Sayed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Central Laboratory, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser F.","family":"Alrayyes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dental University Hospital, King Saud University Medical City  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6744-3808","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Saleh S.","family":"Aloraini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yasser A.","family":"Elnakady","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Zoology, College of Science King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1618-4743","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reham N.","family":"Aljasser","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry King Saud University  Riyadh Saudi Arabia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","volume-title":"StatPearls [Internet]","author":"Wallace H. 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