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There is no evidence that self\u2010help manuals alone are effective. However, they do increase quit rates when combined with personalized adjuncts such as written feedback and outreach telephone counseling. Efficacy trials of first\u2010line pharmacotherapies (nicotine gum, nicotine patch, and bupropion) result in doubling of cessation rates compared to placebo. It is difficult to evaluate the effectiveness of pharmacotherapies when self\u2010administered under real\u2010world conditions. The general consensus is that they improve quit rates, although poor compliance and early discontinuation reduce their effectiveness. Areas for further research include randomized trials of the use of new technologies (e.g., hand\u2010held computers and the Internet) to disseminate self\u2010administered treatments as well as improved surveillance of the use of self\u2010administered treatment in population\u2010based health surveys. \u00a9 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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