{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T06:09:42Z","timestamp":1792130982269,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,6]],"date-time":"2004-04-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1081209600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    This study examined the influence of patient sex and clinician sex and sex role for a case, meeting minimum diagnostic criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder, in which patient sex was varied. The purpose was to provide an in\u2010depth evaluation of the process by which patient sex and characteristics of clinicians may contribute to bias in personality disorder diagnoses. Psychologists (\n                    <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 167) read two cases, including the target case, and provided symptom ratings and diagnoses. A sex\u2010unspecified condition served as a baseline to assess for over\u2010 and underpathologizing bias, and diagnoses based on the symptom ratings were compared to assigned diagnoses. Clinician sex role was assessed using the Bem Sex Role Inventory\u2010Short Form. Results revealed that bias occurred when the patient's sex (female) was inconsistent with the gender weighting of the symptoms in the case (masculine), but the direction of the bias was consistent with sex roles (underdiagnosis of sex\u2010role\u2010inconsistent diagnoses, overdiagnosis of sex\u2010role\u2010consistent diagnoses). Path models of over\u2010 and underdiagnostic bias were developed using structural equation modeling. Patient sex had a direct effect on diagnostic ratings whereas clinician sex role had an indirect effect through symptom ratings. \u00a9 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.10235","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,6]],"date-time":"2004-04-06T13:02:09Z","timestamp":1081256529000},"page":"583-604","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"title":["Effect of patient sex, clinician sex, and sex role on the diagnosis of Antisocial Personality Disorder: Models of underpathologizing and overpathologizing biases"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"60","author":[{"given":"Jeremy Paul","family":"Crosby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"June","family":"Sprock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0735-7028.25.1.55"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0036215"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-295X.88.4.354"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","volume-title":"Bem Sex Role Inventory","author":"Bem S.L.","year":"1981"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.46.1.126"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1996.10.3.219"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1989.3.3.174"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164497057001008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.112.1.155"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.57.2.301"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-2850.1997.tb00104.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.152.4.579"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00288316"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1018841909632"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.140.11.1527"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705519909540118"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00289886"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.38.7.786"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.psychotherapy.1995.49.1.59","article-title":"Psychiatrists and non\u2010physician psychotherapists' beliefs about gender\u2010appropriate behavior","volume":"49","author":"Kaplan M.","year":"1995","journal-title":"American Journal of Psychotherapy"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0003-066X.38.7.799"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_23_1","volume-title":"Principles and practice of structural equation modeling","author":"Kline R.B.","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1989.tb01005.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01544218"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_26_1","volume-title":"Review of Bem Sex\u2010Role Inventory. Mental measurements yearbook","author":"Lippa R.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.106.2.184"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/2137177"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1989.3.3.180"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_30_1","volume-title":"Review of Bem Sex\u2010Role Inventory. Mental measurements yearbook","author":"Payne F.D.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-6566(83)90065-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1995.9.1.49"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2466\/PR0.69.7.976-978"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0076857"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-199605000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1007514522708"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.147.5.586"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.15.1.41.18648"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_39_1","volume-title":"Using multivariate statistics","author":"Tabachnick B.G.","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00005053-197812000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.2000.14.2.109"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/pedi.1998.12.2.95"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0272-7358(91)90135-H"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjclp.10235","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jclp.10235","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T07:34:51Z","timestamp":1700206491000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jclp.10235"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,6]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2004,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jclp.10235"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.10235","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9762","1097-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9762","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4679","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,4,6]]}}}