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Similar in function to external phobias, affect phobias or internal phobias involve the avoidance of feelings (e.g., fear about feeling anger, shame about showing grief, pain about closeness), which thwarts adaptive responding and generates numerous behavioral problems. STDP treatment focuses on the restructuring of defenses, conflicted affects, and attachments. The resolution of the affect phobia requires systematic desensitization of affective responses (i.e., exposure and desensitization of underlying conflicted feelings). When patients learn to access adaptive forms of feelings, performance anxiety can often be resolved. \u00a9 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 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