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Ryan, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib12\">2003<\/jats:ext-link>), can be cultivated and does mediate positive outcomes. Further, adherence to the practices taught during the meditation\u2010based interventions predicted positive outcomes. College undergraduates were randomly allocated between training in two distinct meditation\u2010based interventions, Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR; J. Kabat\u2010Zinn, <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib29\">1990<\/jats:ext-link>; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=15) and E. Easwaran's (<jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"#bib21\">1978<\/jats:ext-link>\/1991) Eight Point Program (EPP; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=14), or a waitlist control (n=15). Pretest, posttest, and 8\u2010week follow\u2010up data were gathered on self\u2010report outcome measures. Compared to controls, participants in both treatment groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>=29) demonstrated increases in mindfulness at 8\u2010week follow\u2010up. Further, increases in mindfulness mediated reductions in perceived stress and rumination. These results suggest that distinct meditation\u2010based practices can increase mindfulness as measured by the MAAS, which may partly mediate benefits. Implications and future directions are discussed. \u00a9 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol 64: 1\u201323, 2008.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.20491","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,16]],"date-time":"2008-05-16T17:26:06Z","timestamp":1210958766000},"page":"840-862","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":471,"title":["Cultivating mindfulness: effects on well\u2010being"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"64","author":[{"given":"Shauna L.","family":"Shapiro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Doug","family":"Oman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carl E.","family":"Thoresen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas G.","family":"Plante","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tim","family":"Flinders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_1_2_1","first-page":"243","article-title":"The effects of transcendental meditation compared to other methods of relaxation and meditation in reducing risk factors, morbidity, and mortality","volume":"35","author":"Alexander C.N.","year":"1994","journal-title":"Homeostasis in Health & Disease"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.bpg015"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191104268029"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191105283504"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.51.6.1173"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_7_1","volume-title":"Timeless healing: The power and biology of belief","author":"Benson H.","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00006842-200201000-00010"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.bph077"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_10_1","volume-title":"The connected discourses of the Buddha","author":"Bodhi B","year":"2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_1_11_1","unstructured":"Bodhi B. 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