{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T04:16:39Z","timestamp":1771474599219,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473379200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although the majority of rape survivors do not label their experiences as rape (i.e., unacknowledged rape), the literature is mixed in terms of how this affects survivors\u2019 psychological functioning. To elucidate the discrepancies, the present study examined the interaction between rape acknowledgement and ambivalent sexism in relation to depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>The analyzed sample included 128 female rape survivors who were drawn from a larger college sample of 1,595 participants. The participants completed measures of sexual assault experiences, ambivalent sexism, and depression and PTSD symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results supported a significant interaction between acknowledgement status and benevolent sexism in relation to both depression and PTSD symptoms. Conversely, the present study failed to find support for an interaction between acknowledgment status and hostile sexism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The clinical implications suggest that rather than seeing acknowledging rape as essential to the recovery process, clinicians should assess for and take into account other factors that may contribute to psychological functioning. Additionally, the findings support that more complex models of trauma recovery should be investigated with the goal of working toward a more comprehensive understanding of the longitudinal process of rape acknowledgment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22379","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]],"date-time":"2016-09-09T21:15:07Z","timestamp":1473455707000},"page":"864-878","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Examining the Psychological Effect of Rape Acknowledgment: The Interaction of Acknowledgment Status and Ambivalent Sexism"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"73","author":[{"given":"Laura C.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mary Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Katherine E.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mary Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Emma K.","family":"Leheney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mary Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alesha D.","family":"Ballman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Mary Washington"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Scarpa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Tech"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.1.111"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken L. S.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801201007003004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/108107397127752"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2015.302634"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2044-8325.1987.tb00257.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-007-9196-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1467-6494.1991.tb00772.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260513479033"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260509331486"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","unstructured":"Dawson J. F.(n.d.). Interpreting interaction effects. Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.jeremydawson.co.uk\/slopes.htm"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10869-013-9308-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","first-page":"363","volume-title":"The use of psychological testing for treatment planning and outcomes assessment","author":"Eaton W. W.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/07418820300095611"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.6.1257"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.6.3.175"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.70.3.491"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.79.5.763"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","volume-title":"From cognitive\u2010behavior therapy to psychotherapy integration","author":"Goldfried M. R.","year":"1995"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2007.00386.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","unstructured":"Harned M. S.(2002). Women's labeling of unwanted sexual experiences with dating partners: Measurement and conceptual issues (Unpublished master's thesis). University of Illinois at Urbana\u2010Champaign Illinois."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801204272240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jpepsy\/27.1.87"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1994.tb00296.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1985.tb00872.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","first-page":"145","volume-title":"Violence in dating relationships: Emerging social issues","author":"Koss M. P.","year":"1989"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2007.00385.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","volume-title":"Victimizations not reported to the police, 2006\u20102010","author":"Langton L.","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0021-843X.105.1.124"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11199-010-9747-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.VV-D-13-00148"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.2008.01472.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.21.6.761"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1077801207313733"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/J146v14n04_04"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0278-6133.27.2(Suppl.).S99"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","first-page":"137","volume-title":"Handbook of social psychology","author":"Markus H.","year":"1985"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Constructivist self\u2010development theory as a framework for assessing and treating victims of family violence","volume":"3","author":"McCann L.","year":"1990","journal-title":"Violence hits home: Comprehensive treatment approaches to domestic violence"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_41_1","first-page":"63","volume-title":"Assessing psychological trauma and PTSD","author":"Norris F. H.","year":"2004"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_42_1","first-page":"355","volume-title":"Acquaintance rape: The hidden crime","author":"Parrot A.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_43_1","first-page":"7","article-title":"Trauma and the self: A theoretical and clinical perspective","volume":"2","author":"Pearlman L. A.","year":"1998","journal-title":"Journal of Emotional Abuse"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_44_1","volume-title":"Trauma and Attachment Belief Scale (TABS) manual","author":"Pearlman L. A.","year":"2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/088626093008002005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_46_1","volume-title":"Cognitive processing therapy for rape victims: A treatment manual","author":"Resick P. A.","year":"1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-6402.1988.tb00939.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_48_1","volume-title":"Criminal victimization, 2011, NCJ\u2010239437","author":"United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_49_1","volume-title":"Criminal victimization, 2012, NCJ\u2010243389","author":"United States Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2010.08.018"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1023\/B:LAHU.0000029140.72880.69"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_52_1","unstructured":"Weathers F. W. Litz B. T. Keane T. M. Palmieri P. A. Marx B. P. &Schnurr P. P.(2013). The PTSD Checklist for DSM\u20105 (PCL\u20105). Retrieved fromhttp:\/\/www.ptsd.va.gov\/professional\/assessment\/adult-sr\/ptsd-checklist.asp"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524838015576391"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10538712.2015.1082002"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0886260506297210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3200\/SOCP.147.1.41-56"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjclp.22379","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fjclp.22379","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jclp.22379","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,4]],"date-time":"2023-10-04T22:32:26Z","timestamp":1696458746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jclp.22379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]]},"references-count":55,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jclp.22379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.22379","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9762","1097-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9762","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4679","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,9]]}}}