{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,31]],"date-time":"2025-12-31T14:47:44Z","timestamp":1767192464665,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]],"date-time":"2017-08-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1502841600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000156","name":"Fonds de Recherche du Qu\u00e9bec - Sant\u00e9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20573"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20573"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000156","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Body\u2010focused repetitive behaviors (BFRBs), such as hair pulling, skin picking, and nail biting, are repetitive, destructive, and nonfunctional habits that cause significant distress. Separate BFRBs form a cohesive group and could be assessed as part of the Tourette\/tic spectrum or obsessive\u2010compulsive spectrum of disorders. The treatment of choice is either antidepressant or behavioral treatment, both of which have shown effectiveness. The cognitive psychophysiological (CoPs) model focuses on the tension and emotional build up that triggers habits by addressing cognitive\u2010behavioral, emotional and psychophysiological processes preceding onset rather than the habit itself. The CoPs approach has already shown efficacy in treatment of tic and Tourette disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>The aim of the current open trial was to view whether BFRBs can be validly assessed on a standard tic scale (Tourette Symptom Global Scale; TSGS) and evaluate the efficacy of the CoPs intervention on 64 participants (54 completers) with 1 of 3 subtypes of BFRBs (hair pulling, nail biting, and skin picking) compared to a waitlist control.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were assessed at baseline on an adapted TSGS and after receving 14 weeks of CoPs therapy with six months follow up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The TSGS was reliably and validly adapted to measure BFRBs. The CoPs intervention was effective for all BRFB subtypes with a large effect size (intention\u2010to\u2010treat g = 1.54; completers g = 2.04), with 74% of patients showing clinically significant improvement. Mood and self\u2010esteem also improved posttreatment. The decrease in symptoms was maintained at the 6\u2010month follow\u2010up, with a further decrease in perfectionism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>BFRBs can be reliably assessed as a tic spectrum disorder rather than as part of the obsessive\u2010compulsive spectrum. The CoPs model may offer a complementary treatment for BFRBs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22501","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,17]],"date-time":"2017-08-17T07:52:07Z","timestamp":1502956327000},"page":"273-285","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Cognitive psychophysiological treatment of bodily\u2010focused repetitive behaviors in adults: An open trial"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"74","author":[{"given":"Kieron","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montreal"},{"name":"Research Center of the Montreal Institute of Mental Health"},{"name":"University of Quebec in Outaouais"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Lavoie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montreal"},{"name":"Research Center of the Montreal Institute of Mental Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Beno\u00eet","family":"Desaulniers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Center of the Montreal Institute of Mental Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6565-0413","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jean\u2010S\u00e9bastien","family":"Audet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Montreal"},{"name":"Research Center of the Montreal Institute of Mental Health"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"volume-title":"Manual for the beck depression inventory\u2010II","year":"1996","author":"Beck A. 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