{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T13:11:08Z","timestamp":1790687468061,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]],"date-time":"2018-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1542240000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Toronto Mindfulness Scale (TMS) is a widely used instrument of state mindfulness. Research suggests the interpretation and functioning of mindfulness scale items may differ as a function of meditation experience, and thus, establishing invariance across experience levels is essential.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Five hundred and five meditation practitioners (32.7% male, 33.3% female, and 34.1% unspecified) with an average age of 42.37 years (<jats:italic>SD<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200912.70) completed the TMS online.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Results support\u00a0at least partial invariance across subgroups based on years of mindfulness meditation experience and self\u2010reported proficiency. Construct validity of the Decentering subscale was also supported; however, the Curiosity subscale did not meet validity expectations, as it required additional model modifications to yield good fit, and means were not sensitive to differences in group experience or proficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings suggest further review of the TMS Curiosity items may be warranted to determine its suitability for use within mindfulness assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]],"date-time":"2018-11-15T22:20:59Z","timestamp":1542320459000},"page":"445-461","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Exploring scale validity and measurement invariance of the Toronto Mindfulness Scale across levels of meditation experience and proficiency"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6064-3575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael J.","family":"Ireland","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland Springfield Central Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4277-4816","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jamin J.","family":"Day","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology and Counselling, Institute for Resilient Regions, University of Southern Queensland Springfield Central Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8556-4360","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bonnie A.","family":"Clough","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Applied Psychology, Menzies Health Institute, Griffith University Gold Coast Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.10.2.176"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mpr.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-012-0165-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.107.2.238"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clipsy.bph077"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-3514.84.4.822"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1073191112446654"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1207\/S15328007SEM0902_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-012-0123-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-011-0086-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/h0047358"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.paid.2009.05.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-012-0101-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0013164493053002011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/2050-7283-2-18"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_1_17_1","article-title":"A Rasch model analysis of the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale","author":"Goh H. 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