{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,25]],"date-time":"2026-03-25T20:25:46Z","timestamp":1774470346795,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554940800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Behavioral inhibition is a trait\u2010level factor associated with posttraumatic stress. Safety behaviors may impact this link by interfering with anxiety habituation. The current study examined the unique and interactive effects of behavioral inhibition, safety behaviors, and participant sex on posttrauma symptom clusters.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009131; 75.6% female; <jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200919.9 years) completed a trauma history interview and questionnaires assessing behavioral inhibition, safety behavior, and posttrauma symptom severity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Safety behaviors were associated with intrusion (partial correlations [pr]\u2009=\u20090.319), avoidance (pr\u2009=\u20090.274), cognition\u2010mood (pr\u2009=\u20090.274), and arousal\u2013reactivity (pr\u2009=\u20090.538) symptoms (all <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001). An interaction of sex and safety behaviors was noted for avoidance (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.047, pr\u2009= \u22120.159) with a significant relation observed only among women (\n<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, pr\u2009=\u20090.442). Safety behaviors also moderated the link between behavioral inhibition and arousal\u2013reactivity (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.002, pr\u2009=\u20090.272) with inhibition predicting symptoms at high levels of safety behavior (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.024, pr\u2009=\u20090.171).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Trauma\u2010related safety behaviors are associated with greater posttrauma symptoms and evidence differential effects across individual symptom domains.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.22778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,12]],"date-time":"2019-04-12T04:28:13Z","timestamp":1555043293000},"page":"1350-1363","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Behavioral inhibition and posttrauma symptomatology: Moderating effects of safety behaviors and biological sex"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Kenneth E.","family":"McClure","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shannon M.","family":"Blakey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology and Neuroscience University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ryan M.","family":"Kozina","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adam J.","family":"Ripley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4227-9954","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shira M.","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2897-5363","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Joshua D.","family":"Clapp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology University of Wyoming Laramie Wyoming"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0272-7358(00)00057-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_1_3_1","volume-title":"Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions","author":"Aiken L. 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