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This study also examined whether rumination and ambivalence over emotion expression moderated the effects of emotional disclosure and peer helping writing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method:<\/jats:title><jats:p>One hundred forty\u2010four Chinese international students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: emotional disclosure, peer helping, or neutral control writing. Participants completed two 20\u2010min writing sessions and questionnaires at baseline, 2\u2010month follow\u2010up, and 4\u2010month follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results:<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found no significant differences across the three writing conditions in levels of psychological distress over time. However, rumination emerged as a significant moderator in both emotional disclosure and peer helping intervention conditions. High ruminators generally experienced significant reductions in depressive symptoms, whereas low ruminators experienced increased depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions:<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings demonstrate that the benefits of writing interventions may vary as a function of rumination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23135","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T11:54:00Z","timestamp":1617710040000},"page":"1556-1572","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Comparing the effects of emotional disclosure and peer helping writing on psychological distress among Chinese international students: The moderating role of rumination"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"77","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8889-0575","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William","family":"Tsai","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Psychology New York University Steinhardt  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina S.","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Psychology New York University Steinhardt  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Monte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Applied Psychology New York University Steinhardt  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0031578"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijintrel.2005.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00987240"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.128.1.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1521\/jscp.2017.36.7.580"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jesp.2012.07.015"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135910457000100301"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-9280.14461"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01420597"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0018821"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/per.538"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","article-title":"Expressive writing and well\u2010being in Chinese emerging adults: Is emotion regulation an underlying mechanism?","author":"Cheung R. 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