{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T14:45:38Z","timestamp":1786977938247,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630886400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Depersonalization\u2013derealization disorder (DDD) is characterized by diverse symptomatology overlapping with anxiety and dissociative disorders, but the sources of this variability are poorly understood. This study aims to determine whether symptom heterogeneity is attributable to the presence of latent subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We applied latent profile analysis to psychometric measures of anxiety, depersonalization\u2013derealization, and dissociation in 303 DDD patients.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The analysis yielded evidence for five discrete subgroups: three of varying severity levels and two moderate\u2010to\u2010severe classes characterized by differential dissociative symptoms. The five classes reliably differed on several nondissociative symptoms, comorbidities, and factors precipitating their diagnosis but did not significantly differ in other symptoms including anxiety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These results suggest the presence of three distinct DDD subtypes in the upper severity range that are distinguished by differential expression of detachment and compartmentalization symptoms. Further elucidation of these subtypes has potential implications for the etiology, mechanisms, and treatment of DDD.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23241","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]],"date-time":"2021-09-06T10:25:24Z","timestamp":1630923924000},"page":"637-655","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Symptom variability in depersonalization\u2013derealization disorder: A latent profile analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"78","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7872-0679","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L. S. Merritt","family":"Millman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine C. M.","family":"Hunter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guido","family":"Orgs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anthony S.","family":"David","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Mental Health University College London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6792-4975","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Devin B.","family":"Terhune","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths University of London London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","first-page":"26","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Second International Symposium on information theory","author":"Akaike H.","year":"1973"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(5th ed.).https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bdi.12967"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","volume-title":"Overcoming depersonalization and feelings of unreality","author":"Baker D.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.182.5.428"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/0022-006X.56.6.893"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21933"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2019.102861"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1300\/j229v07n04_02"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","first-page":"16","article-title":"An update on the Dissociative Experiences Scale","volume":"6","author":"Carlson E. B.","year":"1993","journal-title":"Dissociation: Progress in the Dissociative Disorders"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","volume-title":"Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on multiple personality and dissociative states","author":"Carlson E. B.","year":"1991"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/ajp.150.7.1030"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychires.2011.03.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaac.2017.09.425"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1467-8721.ep10770636"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2004.08.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","first-page":"160","volume-title":"Cognitive behavioural approaches to the understanding and treatment of dissociation","author":"Hunter E. C. M.","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2004.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j745"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0005-7967(03)00066-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2013.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-004-0701-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 23.0","author":"IBM Corp.","year":"2015"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21889"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2009.09081168"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbaa037"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2017.17010025"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4135\/9781412984713"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/0471721182"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1754073911430135"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2010.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12888-016-0908-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2010.06.033"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/NMD.0b013e3181aacd94"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2008.08.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_38_1","unstructured":"Muth\u00e9n L. K. &Muth\u00e9n B. O. (1998\u20132012).Mplus user's guide: Statistical analysis with latent variables(7th ed.). Muth\u00e9n & Muth\u00e9n."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_39_1","volume-title":"Mplus user's guide","author":"Muth\u00e9n L. K.","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12671-015-0392-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/10705510701575396"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2014.07.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.21693"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0963721411429456"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2015.06.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/schbul\/sbw063"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2016.1240737"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-8986.1981.tb02486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/15299732.2019.1572045"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1214\/aos\/1176344136"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02294360"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0010-440x(00)90044-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291705005325"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0165-1781(00)00100-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.12.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/oso\/9780195170221.001.0001","volume-title":"Feeling unreal: Depersonalization disorder and the loss of the self","author":"Simeon D.","year":"2006"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3928\/0048-5713-19930701-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4088\/JCP.v64n0903"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjc.12186"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_60_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.concog.2015.07.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185531"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_7_62_1","first-page":"82","article-title":"Recent developments in the theory of dissociation","volume":"5","author":"Spitzer C.","year":"2006","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_63_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/da.21944"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2019.11.137"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0033291711001826"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9780511499531.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_67_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0023-9690(91)90017-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_68_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1039856217695706"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_69_1","volume-title":"Attention and emotion: A clinical perspective","author":"Wells A.","year":"1994"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.113.498.499"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archgenpsychiatry.2011.1574"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_72_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization. (2018).International classification of diseases for mortality and morbidity statistics (11th revision).https:\/\/icd.who.int\/browse11\/l-m\/en"}],"container-title":["Journal of Clinical Psychology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jclp.23241","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/jclp.23241","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/jclp.23241","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,8]],"date-time":"2023-11-08T06:14:31Z","timestamp":1699424071000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/jclp.23241"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"references-count":71,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/jclp.23241"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/jclp.23241","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9762","1097-4679"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9762","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-4679","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-11-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-08-15","order":1,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-09-06","order":2,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}