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Furthermore, the study tested whether rumination could be considered a widespread emotion\u2010based cognitive vulnerability in BPD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Meta\u2010analytic procedures were based on 46 <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> coefficients that showed large pooled effect sizes for all forms of rumination. With the exception of interpersonal rumination, the remaining forms of rumination were equally involved in BPD features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rumination should be considered a widespread emotion\u2010based cognitive vulnerability in BPD. 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