{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T17:48:23Z","timestamp":1791395303644,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1712275200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the pervasiveness of patient\u2010reported emptiness and the high burden it carries, emptiness is poorly understood. In the current study, we used a general inductive approach to examine experiences with emptiness in a diagnostically diverse sample of treatment\u2010seeking patients with severe and acute psychopathology. As a secondary aim, we also examined whether identified themes differed among patients with a primary diagnosis of borderline personality disorder or major depressive disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009150) ranged from 18 to 69 years old (<jats:italic>M<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200933.15, SD\u2009=\u200912.41; 79.3% non\u2010Hispanic White; 57.3% females). All patients completed the borderline personality disorder module of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Personality Disorders and the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview. Interviewers documented patients' responses to follow\u2010up questions. Patients were included in the study if they endorsed chronic feelings of emptiness and elaborations were documented.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 10 themes associated with patient\u2010reported emptiness: (1) purposeless, (2) lack of connection, (3) numbness, (4) self\u2010deprecation, (5) lack of identity, (6) lack of motivation, (7) hopelessness, (8) lack of pleasure, (9) physical sensation, and (10) dissociation. Themes were consistent across diagnostic status, with one exception: patients with borderline personality disorder were more likely to report that emptiness was associated with dissociation relative to patients with major depressive disorder.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our results suggest that emptiness may reflect a multifaceted and transdiagnostic construct. Identified themes may help to support the assessment of emptiness and can be used to guide individualized treatments.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23689","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]],"date-time":"2024-04-05T19:49:14Z","timestamp":1712346554000},"page":"1726-1735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["A general inductive approach to characterize transdiagnostic experiences of emptiness"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6954-4247","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chloe C.","family":"Hudson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"IreLee","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kailyn","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thr\u00f6stur","family":"Bj\u00f6rgvinsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Beard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McLean Hospital Belmont Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. 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