{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,6]],"date-time":"2026-03-06T08:03:59Z","timestamp":1772784239925,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715126400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>The primary aim of this study was to conduct an open pilot clinical trial of a brief mindfulness\u2010based intervention for persistent postconcussion symptoms that occur after mild traumatic brain injury in military service members. For many service members, operational tempo and other time constraints may prevent them from completing a standard mindfulness\u2010based stress reduction course. Thus, this study sought to examine the effectiveness of a five\u2010session intervention called mindfulness\u2010based stress, pain, emotion, and attention regulation (MSPEAR).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were active duty service members with a history of mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) and persisting postconcussion symptoms, all of whom were recruited from an outpatient TBI rehabilitation program at a military treatment facility. Of the 38 service members that were initially enrolled, 25 completed the 5\u2010session MSPEAR intervention, and 20 returned for a 5\u2010week follow\u2010up evaluation. Questionnaires assessing perceived stress, positive affect, pain interference and catastrophizing, sleep disturbances, perceived behavioral and attention regulation, self\u2010efficacy and satisfaction with life were administered at preintervention, postintervention, and at 5\u2010week follow\u2010up intervals. Neuropsychological testing at preintervention and 5\u2010week follow\u2010up included performance validity measures, attention, working memory, and executive function measures. <jats:italic>T<\/jats:italic>\u2010tests were run to compare for questionnaire measures at preintervention (Time 1) to postintervention (Time 2). Repeated analysis of variances were conducted to compare questionnaire and neuropsychological measures at Time 1, Time 2, and at Time 3 which is the 5\u2010week follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Improvements in perceived stress, positive affect, behavioral regulation, metacognition, sleep disturbance, self\u2010efficacy, and satisfaction with life were found immediately after the MSPEAR intervention and were maintained at the 5\u2010week follow\u2010up. Magnification and helplessness aspects of pain catastrophizing improved when comparing preintervention to the 5\u2010week follow\u2010up. Pain interference was not significantly different across study assessment times. Neuropsychological testing revealed improvements in sustained attention, working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control when comparing preintervention to the 5\u2010week follow\u2010up assessment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The MSPEAR intervention appears to show promise as a brief and effective therapy for specific postconcussion symptoms after mild traumatic brain injury in military service members. Each of the components of MSPEAR including stress, pain catastrophizing, emotion and attention regulation showed improvements in this study, and bears further investigation in a larger scale, preferably randomized controlled trial in those active duty military service members who experience persisting symptoms after a mild traumatic brain injury.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23699","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]],"date-time":"2024-05-08T19:13:28Z","timestamp":1715195608000},"page":"1876-1900","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A brief mindfulness\u2010based intervention for stress, pain, emotion and attention regulation in military service members with mild traumatic brain injury"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"80","author":[{"given":"William K.","family":"MacNulty","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Commissioned Corps, United States Public Health Service Madigan Army Medical Center Joint Base Lewis\u2010McChord Washiington USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4565-7906","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jay M.","family":"Uomoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Health Agency, Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence General Dynamics Information Technology Falls Church Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seattle M.","family":"Peterson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Defense Health Agency, Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence General Dynamics Information Technology Falls Church Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pain.2010.04.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/HTR.0b013e318250ebda"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/09602011.2019.1575245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.8081"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2010.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"Boone K. 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