{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T18:00:44Z","timestamp":1791568844234,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]],"date-time":"2024-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1733616000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000090","name":"Congressionally Directed Medical Research Programs","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000090","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To assess, by interview, the rates of eating disorders in a nationally representative sample of recent veterans, describe their DSM\u20105 eating disorder diagnoses and the occurrence of comorbid psychiatric disorders. To conduct an exploratory case\u2010control analysis of previously documented and additional specific military risk factors before eating disorder onset to inform studies of prospective risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Method<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a two\u2010stage design, probable cases and controls were identified by screening questionnaires from a sample of 1494 veterans who completed a survey study and interviewed to establish case status and confirm probable co\u2010morbid psychiatric diagnoses. Previously documented risk factors and military risk factors occurring before disorder onset were investigated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Ninety\u2010one cases and 51 controls were confirmed. Weighted prevalence for any eating disorder was 5.2%, with estimates for anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder and other specified eating disorder being 0.01%, 0.6%, 1.4%, and 1.6%, respectively. Seventy\u2010nine (86.8%) confirmed cases had a diagnosis of one or more co\u2010morbid psychiatric disorders. Previously documented risk factors were associated with subsequent case status, while in this sample, military risk factors were not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rates of eating disorder and co\u2010occurring psychiatric disorders in recent veterans were comparable to those reported for non\u2010veterans, with levels of posttraumatic stress disorder likely higher. As co\u2010occurring psychiatric disorders, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder, may complicate achieving good outcomes with existing evidence\u2010based treatments, there is an urgent need to adapt them where necessary to improve outcomes. Military risk factors may maintain or exacerbate pre\u2010existing problems and need to be investigated alongside other maintaining factors in longitudinal studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Public Significance<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rates of eating disorder and co\u2010occurring psychiatric disorders in recent veterans were comparable to those reported for non\u2010veterans, highlighting a need to detect eating problems and address unmet treatment need. Co\u2010occurring psychiatric disorders may complicate achieving good outcomes with existing treatments, emphasising a need to adapt them to improve outcomes. Investigating maintaining factors, including military factors in longitudinal studies will likely aid treatment development.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.23756","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,9]],"date-time":"2024-12-09T07:25:15Z","timestamp":1733729115000},"page":"133-144","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Eating Disorders, Co\u2010Morbid Disorders and Early Risk Factors Amongst Post\u20109\/11 Veteran Men and Women"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7963-656X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zafra","family":"Cooper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Yale University School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4539-1220","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian N.","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1625-9685","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannon","family":"Kehle\u2010Forbes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Minneapolis VA Healthcare System Minneapolis Minnesota USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julianne","family":"Dorset","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Work Yale New Haven Hospital New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1516-7239","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen S.","family":"Mitchell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Chobanian &amp; Avedisian School of Medicine Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22782"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000301"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eat.22705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brat.2008.06.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/tra0000276.Military"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11920-015-0551-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(198701)6:1<1::AID-EAT2260060102>3.0.CO;2-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29115\/sp-2011-0004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2013.10.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-020-00374-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/YCO.0000000000000739"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1997.01830180015003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1098-108X(199412)16:4<363::AID-EAT2260160405>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fairburn C. 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