{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,16]],"date-time":"2026-03-16T23:58:08Z","timestamp":1773705488584,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750896000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study sought to develop and psychometrically evaluate an expanded version of the Trauma\u2010Related Drinking to Cope (TRD) scale, a four\u2010item self\u2010report tool, which was developed to address a crucial gap in self\u2010medication research. Before the development of the TRD, no measures existed which assessed alcohol use for coping with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) specifically. Previous work showed that the TRD has strong psychometric properties and clinical utility in its ability to identify individuals with PTSD who may be at risk for developing comorbid alcohol use disorder (AUD). The aim of the present study was to develop and test a comprehensive, 20\u2010item version of the TRD (\u201cTRD\u201020\u201d), which assesses drinking to cope with each of the 20 <jats:italic>DSM\u20105<\/jats:italic> symptoms of PTSD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We piloted the 20\u2010item TRD measure among a diverse sample of 555 trauma\u2010exposed undergraduates who use alcohol (M<jats:sub>age<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u200923.29, SD\u2009=\u20097.29; 49.5% white; 79.3% woman\u2010identifying).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A four factor model indexing drinking to cope with symptoms aligning with the four PTSD symptom clusters fit the data well (\u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>(164)\u2009=\u2009355.67, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001; CFI\u2009=\u20090.950; TLI\u2009=\u20090.942; RMSEA\u2009=\u20090.046), with all standardized factor loadings exceeding 0.8. We also found strong evidence supporting the construct and criterion validity of the TRD\u201020, specifically in relation to existing measures of drinking coping motives, PTSD symptoms, alcohol consumption, and alcohol\u2010related problems.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings highlight the TRD\u201020 as a useful measure for determining an individual's PTSD\u2010specific drinking motives, which carries implications for improving understanding and treatment of PTSD\u2010AUD comorbidity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.70008","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]],"date-time":"2025-06-26T05:54:01Z","timestamp":1750917241000},"page":"940-954","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Evaluation of a 20\u2010Item Version of the Trauma\u2010Related Drinking to Cope Questionnaire"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"81","author":[{"given":"Sage E.","family":"Hawn","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA"},{"name":"Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kaytlin","family":"Armitage","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Selah","family":"Ball","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cathy","family":"Lau\u2010Barraco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology Old Dominion University Norfolk VA USA"},{"name":"Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology Norfolk VA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abigail","family":"Powers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Emory University School of Medicine Atlanta GA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ananda B.","family":"Amstadter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15288\/jsad.22-00209"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM\u20105\u00ae)","author":"APA","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1530-0277.2008.00619.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugalcdep.2013.04.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.22059"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14649"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/pas0000254"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/acer.14518"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jadohealth.2011.05.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/dar.12310"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/1040-3590.6.2.117"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1037\/a0012592"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","first-page":"375","article-title":"Motivational Models of Substance Use: A Review of Theory and Research on Motives for Using Alcohol, Marijuana, and Tobacco","volume":"1","author":"Cooper M. 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