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Existing studies\u2014mostly cross\u2010sectional\u2014have reported negative, positive, or nonsignificant correlations, leaving the role of acceptance in depression unclear. Despite its prominence in third\u2010wave cognitive\u2010behavioral therapies (Hofmann and Asmundson 2008) such as Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT; Hayes et al. 1999), the nature of this association remains debated. To address these gaps, we explored whether levels of acceptance were related to depressive symptoms over time, and whether anger suppression moderated this relationship.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Self\u2010report data from\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009344 participants who completed the online survey three times, with 2\u2010month intervals between assessments.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Higher individual tendency to accept reality was associated with lower depression symptoms. However, elevating acceptance beyond typical thresholds resulted in higher levels of depressive symptoms at subsequent time points, and no relationship between these variables was identified within measurements. Additionally, anger suppression emerged as a moderator of the negative relationship between an individual's tendency to accept reality and depressive symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings help clarify prior inconsistencies by showing that the acceptance\u2013depression link varies with the level of acceptance, temporal perspective, and anger regulation strategies. Interpreted within the ACT framework, the results highlight that elevated acceptance does not always reflect psychological flexibility, and can co\u2010occur with increased depressive symptoms. We highlight the need for further research to explore the mechanisms behind these patterns and examine whether supportive interventions may assist individuals during such phases.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.70127","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T12:16:34Z","timestamp":1773749794000},"page":"1030-1042","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The Paradox of Acceptance: A Longitudinal Study on Acceptance, Depression, and the Moderating Role of Anger Suppression Within an ACT Framework"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3959-0178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Izabela","family":"Ka\u017amierczak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Maria Grzegorzewska University Warsaw Poland"},{"name":"VIZJA University Warsaw Poland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Lacko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Interdisciplinary Research Team on Internet and Society, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University Brno Czechia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpr.2009.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","unstructured":"Asparouhov T. andB.Muth\u00e9n(2010).Bayesian Analysis Using Mplus: Technical Implementation. 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