{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,7]],"date-time":"2026-08-07T14:39:28Z","timestamp":1786113568794,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780617600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["J Clin Psychol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:label\/>\n                    <jats:p>Routine Outcome Monitoring systems have been developed to monitor how clients' lives change over the course of therapy. However, for such systems to be effective, they must possess sufficient construct validity and scale\u2010reliability to warrant their use. In this study, using a sample of 841 Norwegian clients, we performed the first independent test of the construct validity and scale\u2010reliability of the \u201cIndividual Problems and Strengths\u201d (IPS) scale, a subsection of the \u201cSystemic Therapy Inventory of Change.\u201d We used a stepwise Confirmatory Factor Analysis approach specifically designed to test the construct validity of the measurement scales. We found satisfactory support for the construct validity of the original \u201c8\u2010factor\u201d version of the IPS; however, its scale reliability received poor to mixed support. Furthermore, we failed to find support for all other previously or recently suggested factorial alternatives to the original 8\u2010factor model. Our analysis leads us to conclude that the developers of the IPS should return \u201cback to the future\u201d by refining their original 8\u2010factor structure of the IPS, while disregarding other proposed versions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Trial Registration<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The data stems from an RCT study registered at\n                      <jats:ext-link xmlns:xlink=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\" xlink:href=\"http:\/\/ClinicalTrials.gov\">ClinicalTrials.gov<\/jats:ext-link>\n                      (NCT01873742) as well as from a prior pilot study (Tilden et al. 2015).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/jclp.70164","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]],"date-time":"2026-06-05T07:51:21Z","timestamp":1780645881000},"page":"1378-1387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["\u201cBack to the Future\u201d: Testing the \u201cIndividual Problems and Strengths\u201d Scale With a Stepwise Confirmatory Factor Analysis Approach"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"82","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3747-4184","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rune","family":"Zahl\u2010Olsen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health S\u00f8rlandet Hospital Agder Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicolay","family":"Gausel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Stavanger Stavanger Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5shild Tellefsen","family":"H\u00e5land","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health S\u00f8rlandet Hospital Agder Kristiansand Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Terje","family":"Tilden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Modum Bad Research Institute Viken Vikersund Norway"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/famp.12280"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02310555"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","volume-title":"The Heroic Client: A Revolutionary Way to Improve Effectiveness Through Client\u2010Directed, Outcome\u2010Informed Therapy (Rev. ed. ed.)","author":"Duncan B. 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